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Herzing College - MLA > Unit 2 Part 1 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

word elements

A

prefix
combining vowel
root
suffix

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2
Q

added before the root (beginning)

A

prefix

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3
Q

main part of the word

A

root

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4
Q

added to the end of the root (ending)

A

suffix

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5
Q

created by joining a prefix, combining vowel, root or suffix

A

combining form

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6
Q

usually an o

A

combining vowel

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7
Q

two types of suffixes

A

diagnoses
procedures

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8
Q

suffix that refers to a disease condition or symptoms

ex. -itis -algia

A

diagnostic suffixes

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9
Q

refers to procedures used in patient care

ex. -oscopy

A

procedural suffixes

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10
Q

the study of body structure

A

anatomy

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11
Q

the study of how the body functions or works

A

physiology

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12
Q

levels of organization from smallest to largest

A

chemical
cellular
tissue
organ

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13
Q

the most basic level of human body organization

A

chemical level

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14
Q

smallest living unit of structure and function, made up of chemicals that carry out specific reactions

A

cellular level

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15
Q

group of cells that work together to accomplish one or more specific functions

A

tissue level

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16
Q

group of tissues arranged so as to accomplish specific functions

A

organ level

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17
Q

a flat surface, imaginary or real that cuts through the body

A

body planes

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18
Q

4 basic body planes

A

frontal
medial
sagittal
transverse

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19
Q

divides the body vertically into front and back portions (doesn’t have to be equal)

A

frontal

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20
Q

divides the body into equal left and right portions (have to be equal)

A

medial

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21
Q

divides the body vertically into left and right portions (not equally)

A

sagittal

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22
Q

divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions (doesn’t have to be equal)

A

transverse

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23
Q

state of equilibrium

A

homeostasis

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24
Q

stopping bleeding

A

hemostasis

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25
Q

encloses contents of a cell, provides protective barrier that selectively allows certain substances to move in and out when needed

A

cell membrane

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26
Q

commonly thought of as the control centre of the cell as it governs the function of the cell

A

nucleus

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27
Q

contains mostly H2O with dissolved nutrients and fills up the rest of the cell membrane

A

cytoplasm

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28
Q

main function is to help with cell metabolism by ingesting and dissolving unwanted parts of the cell, cell debris or foreign substances that have entered the cell

A

lysosome

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29
Q

used as source of chemical energy, powerhouse of the cell, has small circular chromosome

A

mitochondria

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30
Q

mitochondrial DNA are passed from ____ to offspring and last longer

A

mother

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31
Q

cell difference between plants and humans

A

plants have chloroplasts

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32
Q

system that is a barrier to pathogens and chemicals

A

integumentary

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33
Q

integumentary system consists of

A

skin
hair
sweat glands
subcutaneous tissue below skin

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34
Q

parts of the skin

A

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous

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35
Q

outer layer of the skin, constantly flaking off, contains pigment (melanin)

A

epidermis

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36
Q

layer below epidermis, nails and hair originate here, blood vessels and nerve endings

A

dermis

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37
Q

regulates temperature and fluid loss, responsible for skin color changes

A

blood vessels

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38
Q

provides sensations of heat, cold, pressure, pain and touch

A

nerve endings

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39
Q

produce sweat for temperature regulation and elimination of waste

A

sweat glands

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40
Q

produce an oily substance that keeps skin soft

A

sebaceous glands

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41
Q

fatty tissue between dermis and muscles, provides layer of insulation and protection, stores fat for energy reserves

A

subcutaneous tissue

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42
Q

the largest organ of our body

A

skin

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43
Q

blood vessels dilate (get bigger), blood flow increases, more heat comes to skin and is lost in air

sweat glands produce more sweat

evaporation of sweat causes more ____ ____

A

heat loss

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44
Q

blood vessels constrict (get smaller), reducing heat at the skin surface

less perspiration produced, reducing evaporation

shivering occurs (rapid muscle contractions) which produce heat

this results in a ____ of heat loss

A

decrease

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45
Q

system that provides framework that supports the body, protects internal organs from injury, provides movement, storage of fats and minerals and blood cell formation

A

skeletal system

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46
Q

blood cell formation occurs in

A

bone marrow

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47
Q

organs of skeletal system

A

bones
ligaments

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48
Q

types of bone tissue

A

long
short
flat
irregular

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49
Q

bones of the arms, legs, hands and feet

A

long bones

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50
Q

bones of the wrists and ankles

A

short bones

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51
Q

ribs, shoulder blades, hip bones, cranial bones

A

flat bones

52
Q

vertebrae and facial bones

A

irregular bones

53
Q

provides support for the weight of head, neck and trunk

protects spinal cord

maintains upright body position

A

vertebrae

54
Q

the vertebrae consists of __ bones

A

26

55
Q

parts of vertebrae, number and location

A

cervical: 7, neck
thoracic: 12, chest
lumbar: 5, back
sacrum: curved, bottom
coccyx: 3-5, tail bone

56
Q

lack of weight bearing exercise causes loss of ___

A

calcium

57
Q

there are over ___ bones in the human body

A

200

58
Q

calcified and rigid tissue

A

bone

59
Q

gelatinous and flexible pad of tissue at the end of bones to absorb shock

A

cartilage

60
Q

connects muscle to bone

A

tendon

61
Q

connects bone to bone

A

ligament

62
Q

connects bones so they can move

A

joints

63
Q

sac of fluid surrounding a joint

A

bursa

64
Q

blood cell formation

A

hematopoeisis

65
Q

this system’s main function is to move the skeleton

A

muscular system

66
Q

organs of the muscular system

A

muscles and tendons

67
Q

muscular system is made up of over ___ muscles, most of which are attached to bones by tendons

A

600

68
Q

types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal or striated
smooth or visceral
cardiac

69
Q

voluntary muscles attached to bone, multi-nuclei

A

skeletal or striated

70
Q

involuntary muscle that lines walls of internal organs such as intestines or veins and arteries, usually one cell with one nucleus

A

smooth or visceral

71
Q

heart muscle, striated but has one nucleus

A

cadiac

72
Q

moving away from centre

A

abduction

73
Q

moving towards the centre

A

adduction

74
Q

bending of joint

A

flexing

75
Q

straightening of limb

A

extension

76
Q

straightening of limb beyond its capability

A

hyperextension

77
Q

face down or hands palm down

A

pronation

78
Q

face up or hands palm up

A

supination

79
Q

turning limb towards body

A

internal rotation

80
Q

turning limb away from body

A

external rotation

81
Q

shrinkage of muscle due to lack of use

A

atrophy

82
Q

term for muscle pain

A

myalgia

83
Q

waste product produced by the muscles

A

lactic acid

84
Q

system that allows communication throughout the body and regulates body function, detects sensations, controls body movement and physiological functions, controls intellectual processes

A

nervous system

85
Q

division of nervous system

A

autonomic
somatic

86
Q

involuntary division, conduct impulses that affect the organ, vessels and glands

A

autonomic

87
Q

voluntary division, conducts impulses that allow an individual to consciously control skeletal muscles

A

somatic

88
Q

central nervous system consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

89
Q

part of the brain that is responsible for coordinating all mental activities of thinking, voluntary movement, interpreting sensations and emotions

A

cerebrum

90
Q

part of the brain that coordinates muscle activities and balance

A

cerebellum

91
Q

part of the brain that controls involuntary movements of vital organs

A

brain stem

92
Q

extends from brain down spinal column, connects PNS and brain, protected by vertebrae and spinal fluid, damage leads to paralysis

A

spinal cord

93
Q

peripheral nervous system consists of

A

sense organs
motor nerves

94
Q

group of tissue specifically designed to gather information in specific ways

A

sense organs

95
Q

transmit movement commands from the brain and spinal cord to the body

A

motor nerves

96
Q

specialized cells of the nervous system that conduct electric-like impulses (individual cells!)

fundamental unit of the nervous system

A

neurons

97
Q

bundles of neurons held together by connective tissue

signals relayed in the form of impulses

carry either sensation or motor impulses

A

nerves

98
Q

CSF tests in the lab are always done ____

A

STAT

99
Q

three layers of membrane tissue that protects the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

100
Q

standing erect with feet parallel, arms at sides, eyes and palms facing forward

A

anatomic positon

101
Q

sum of all physical and chemical reactions necessary to sustain life

A

metabolism

102
Q

destructive process where complex substances are broken down into simple substances, usually with the release of energy

A

catabolism

103
Q

constructive process by which the body converts simple compounds into complex substances needed to carry out cellular activities, usually requires input of energy

A

anabolism

104
Q

flat or scale-like epithelial cells

A

squamous

105
Q

layered cells

A

stratified

106
Q

meaning it contains no blood or lymph vessels

A

avascular

107
Q

part of neuron that carries messages to the nerve cell body

A

dendrites

108
Q

part of neuron that carries messages away from the cell body

A

axons

109
Q

caused by the breakdown of RBC and release of hgb

A

hemolysis

110
Q

number 1 test affected by hemolysis

A

K (potassium)

111
Q

tiny, non-raised red spots that appear on the patient’s skin when a tourniquet is applied

may be due to coag problems or abnormalities

A

petechiae

112
Q

sudden, uncontrolled, electrical disturbance in the brain

A

seizures

113
Q

another word for fainting

A

syncope

114
Q

result of large amount of blood removal over a short period of time for testing

A

iatrogenic blood loss

115
Q

caused by the accumulation of lipoprotein particles (higher fat content, milkier and thicker blood)

A

lipemia

116
Q

sample is dark yellow to dark brown color, due to presence of bilirubin (waste product from red blood cells)

A

icteric

117
Q

caused by a buildup of bilirubin (waste material in blood), inflamed liver or obstructed bile duct can also lead to this

A

jaundice

118
Q

decrease in fluid content of blood, increase in non-filterable large molecules, caused by stagnation of normal venous flow due to tourniquet

A

hemoconcentration

119
Q

avoid drawing blood from paralyzed arm because

A

increased chance of thrombosis (clots)
difficult to detect nerve injury

120
Q

surgical breast removal, lymph nodes obstructed with removal of lymph nodes, can change blood composition

do not draw blood from side where this is done

A

mastectomy

121
Q

swelling or mass of blood, bruise

A

hematoma

122
Q

swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues, breakdown of cells releasing fluid and building up

A

edema

123
Q

hardened veins

A

sclerosed

124
Q

clotted veins

A

thrombosed

125
Q

most common needle gauge for butterfly (winged infusion set)

A

23

126
Q

if coagulation tube is one of the tests requested when doing the butterfly method, use a ___

A

red discard tube

127
Q

angle used for butterfly method

A

15 degrees

Herzing College - MLA (14 decks)

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