Unit 4 Part 2 - Histology

Question 1

the study of tissue

Answer 1

histology

Question 2

main function of histology dept

Answer 2

prepare slides of tissue from various sources for the pathologist to examine

Question 3

to preserve tissue and prevent structural change, preserves it as close as possible to living state

Answer 3

fixation

Question 4

critical step in preparation of histological sections, tissues are preserved from decay to prevent autolysis or putrefaction

Answer 4

fixation

Question 5

fixative should be ___ more than the volume of the specimen

Answer 5

15-20 times

Question 6

most common fixative

Answer 6

10% NB (neutral buffered) formalin

Question 7

difference between formaldehyde and formalin?

Answer 7

formaldehyde - gas
formalin - liquid

Question 8

mixing 40% formaldehyde with 100 ml of water gives us

Answer 8

formalin

Question 9

to get 10% formalin

Answer 9

10 ml of 100% formalin + 90 ml of water

Question 10

it is the addition of ___ that causes the substance to be called formalin instead of formaldehyde

Answer 10

methyl alcohol

Question 11

to get neutral buffered formalin, add buffers

Answer 11

1. sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate
2. disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous

Question 12

formalin will fix 4mm piece of tissue in ___

Answer 12

8 hours

Question 13

Factors that affect fixation

Answer 13

1. temperature
2. time
3. penetration
4. specimen dimensions

Question 14

minimum time tissue are placed in 10% NB formalin

Answer 14

24 hours

Question 15

how long is a brain fixed for

Answer 15

2 weeks

Question 16

initial step in the examination of clinical specimen

Answer 16

gross description

Question 17

two end products of gross examination

Answer 17

1. document of findings
2. set of tissue blocks, portions sealed in cassettes for processing and microscopic examination

Question 18

3 types of tissue in histo

Answer 18

routine specimens (appendix)
small tissue biopsy (colon bx)
urgent specimens (breast bx)

Question 19

what does this label mean:

2014 S 7654 A2

Answer 19

2014 - year
S - surgical
7654 - specimen #
A - 1st container
2 - 2nd block

Question 20

VIP machine

Answer 20

vacuum infiltration processor

Question 21

an automated tissue processor that does the dehydration, clearing, and wax infiltration

Answer 21

VIP machine

Question 22

sections of tissue embedded in wax block are cut in a series of ribbons, with a thickness of 3-5 um

Answer 22

microtomy

Question 23

most common stain in histology

Answer 23

hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E)

Question 24

a microtome operated in low temp cabinet (-30°C)

Answer 24

cryostat

Question 25

stain for carbohydrates

Answer 25

periodic acid shiff (PAS)

Question 26

stain for elastic in arteries or cartilage

Answer 26

orcein

Question 27

stain for lipids

Answer 27

oil red o

Question 28

stain for H. pylori, stomach ulcers

Answer 28

toluidine blue

Question 29

stain for reticulum, melanin, fungus

Answer 29

silver stain

Question 30

how to file blocks and slides

Answer 30

reverse chronological order (most recent closest to you)

Question 31

blocks are kept ____, either on site or off site

Answer 31

permanently

Question 32

slides are kept ___

Answer 32

for min 5 years

Question 33

the study of cells in terms of structure, function and chemistry

Answer 33

cytology

Question 34

main purpose of cytology

Answer 34

is to look for cancerous changes to cells

Question 35

3 main categories of cytology

Answer 35

1. gynaecological 2. non-gynaecological 3. fine needle aspirations

Question 36

stains used in cytology

Answer 36

1. papanicolaou stain 2. romanowsky-type stain

Question 37

used for gynecologic and fixed non-gynecologic samples

Answer 37

papanicolaou stain

Question 38

example of non-gynecological fixed specimen

Answer 38

urine specimen

Question 39

fixative for urine specimen for cytology

Answer 39

50-70% alcohol

Question 40

most common test done in cytology is the

Answer 40

pap smear

Question 41

stain used for pap smear is Papanicolaou stain for __ details

Answer 41

nuclear

Question 42

if air-dried gynecologic preparations ____ technique is preferred

Answer 42

Romanowsky-type staining

Question 43

Papanicolaou stain involves ___ dyes in ___ solutions

Answer 43

5 dyes 3 solutions

Question 44

what does hematoxylin stain and what color does it stain?

Answer 44

nuclei, blue

Question 45

most common hematoxylin stain

Answer 45

harris' hematoxylin

Question 46

what is the first acidic counterstain in papanicolaou stain and what does it stain?

Answer 46

orange green 6 (cytoplasmic stain)

Question 47

what is the second counterstain in papanicolaou stain?

Answer 47

Eosin Azure

Question 48

what does Eosin Y do in Papanicolaou stain?

Answer 48

gives pink color to cytoplasm

Question 49

what does light green SF stain do in Papanicolaou stain?

Answer 49

stains cytoplasm blue

Question 50

the staining technique used in hematology and cytopathology, used to differentiate cells for microscopic examination in pathological specimens

Answer 50

romanowsky staining romanowsky-giemsa

Question 51

study of diseased cells

Answer 51

cytopathology

Question 52

used to transfer any sedimentable particles from liquid suspension onto a microscope slide, but is primarily used to transfer biological cells

Answer 52

cytocentrifugation (cytospin)

Question 53

specimen prep mainly used for cervical smears

Answer 53

ThinPrep

Question 54

specimen prep similar to histology

Answer 54

cell block prep

Question 55

in cell block preparation, once supernatant is removed, 2-3 drops of ___ are placed in centrifuge tube

Answer 55

histogel