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Herzing College - MLA > Unit 4 Part 2 - Histology > Flashcards

Unit 4 Part 2 - Histology Flashcards

1
Q

the study of tissue

A

histology

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2
Q

main function of histology dept

A

prepare slides of tissue from various sources for the pathologist to examine

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3
Q

to preserve tissue and prevent structural change, preserves it as close as possible to living state

A

fixation

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4
Q

critical step in preparation of histological sections, tissues are preserved from decay to prevent autolysis or putrefaction

A

fixation

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5
Q

fixative should be ___ more than the volume of the specimen

A

15-20 times

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6
Q

most common fixative

A

10% NB (neutral buffered) formalin

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7
Q

difference between formaldehyde and formalin?

A

formaldehyde - gas
formalin - liquid

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8
Q

mixing 40% formaldehyde with 100 ml of water gives us

A

formalin

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9
Q

to get 10% formalin

A

10 ml of 100% formalin + 90 ml of water

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10
Q

it is the addition of ___ that causes the substance to be called formalin instead of formaldehyde

A

methyl alcohol

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11
Q

to get neutral buffered formalin, add buffers

A
  1. sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate
  2. disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous
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12
Q

formalin will fix 4mm piece of tissue in ___

A

8 hours

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13
Q

Factors that affect fixation

A
  1. temperature
  2. time
  3. penetration
  4. specimen dimensions
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14
Q

minimum time tissue are placed in 10% NB formalin

A

24 hours

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15
Q

how long is a brain fixed for

A

2 weeks

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16
Q

initial step in the examination of clinical specimen

A

gross description

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17
Q

two end products of gross examination

A
  1. document of findings
  2. set of tissue blocks, portions sealed in cassettes for processing and microscopic examination
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18
Q

3 types of tissue in histo

A

routine specimens (appendix)
small tissue biopsy (colon bx)
urgent specimens (breast bx)

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19
Q

what does this label mean:

2014 S 7654 A2

A

2014 - year
S - surgical
7654 - specimen #
A - 1st container
2 - 2nd block

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20
Q

VIP machine

A

vacuum infiltration processor

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21
Q

an automated tissue processor that does the dehydration, clearing, and wax infiltration

A

VIP machine

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22
Q

sections of tissue embedded in wax block are cut in a series of ribbons, with a thickness of 3-5 um

A

microtomy

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23
Q

most common stain in histology

A

hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E)

24
Q

a microtome operated in low temp cabinet (-30°C)

A

cryostat

25
Q

stain for carbohydrates

A

periodic acid shiff (PAS)

26
Q

stain for elastic in arteries or cartilage

A

orcein

27
Q

stain for lipids

A

oil red o

28
Q

stain for H. pylori, stomach ulcers

A

toluidine blue

29
Q

stain for reticulum, melanin, fungus

A

silver stain

30
Q

how to file blocks and slides

A

reverse chronological order (most recent closest to you)

31
Q

blocks are kept ____, either on site or off site

A

permanently

32
Q

slides are kept ___

A

for min 5 years

33
Q

the study of cells in terms of structure, function and chemistry

A

cytology

34
Q

main purpose of cytology

A

is to look for cancerous changes to cells

35
Q

3 main categories of cytology

A
  1. gynaecological
  2. non-gynaecological
  3. fine needle aspirations
36
Q

stains used in cytology

A
  1. papanicolaou stain
  2. romanowsky-type stain
37
Q

used for gynecologic and fixed non-gynecologic samples

A

papanicolaou stain

38
Q

example of non-gynecological fixed specimen

A

urine specimen

39
Q

fixative for urine specimen for cytology

A

50-70% alcohol

40
Q

most common test done in cytology is the

A

pap smear

41
Q

stain used for pap smear is Papanicolaou stain for __ details

A

nuclear

42
Q

if air-dried gynecologic preparations ____ technique is preferred

A

Romanowsky-type staining

43
Q

Papanicolaou stain involves ___ dyes in ___ solutions

A

5 dyes
3 solutions

44
Q

what does hematoxylin stain and what color does it stain?

A

nuclei, blue

45
Q

most common hematoxylin stain

A

harris’ hematoxylin

46
Q

what is the first acidic counterstain in papanicolaou stain and what does it stain?

A

orange green 6 (cytoplasmic stain)

47
Q

what is the second counterstain in papanicolaou stain?

A

Eosin Azure

48
Q

what does Eosin Y do in Papanicolaou stain?

A

gives pink color to cytoplasm

49
Q

what does light green SF stain do in Papanicolaou stain?

A

stains cytoplasm blue

50
Q

the staining technique used in hematology and cytopathology, used to differentiate cells for microscopic examination in pathological specimens

A

romanowsky staining

romanowsky-giemsa

51
Q

study of diseased cells

A

cytopathology

52
Q

used to transfer any sedimentable particles from liquid suspension onto a microscope slide, but is primarily used to transfer biological cells

A

cytocentrifugation (cytospin)

53
Q

specimen prep mainly used for cervical smears

A

ThinPrep

54
Q

specimen prep similar to histology

A

cell block prep

55
Q

in cell block preparation, once supernatant is removed, 2-3 drops of ___ are placed in centrifuge tube

A

histogel

Herzing College - MLA (14 decks)

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