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Herzing College - MLA > Unit 2 Part 3 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

main function of this system is to transport and carry O2 and food to all the cells, and CO2 and wastes from the cells

A

circulatory

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2
Q

one of the fluids of the body, made up of water, solutes, and cells

A

blood

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3
Q

another term for white blood cells

A

leukocytes

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4
Q

another term for red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

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5
Q

another term for thrombocytes

A

platelets

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6
Q

normal blood volume is approx ____

A

4.73 L

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7
Q

class of WBCs that have granulars, nucleus is segmented

A

granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)

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8
Q

class of WBCs that have no granules, nucleus is unsegmented

A

non-granulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes)

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9
Q

class of cells formed in the myeloid tissue (bone marrow)

A

myeloid cells

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10
Q

cells formed in the bone marrow

A

RBCs
platelets
granular leukocytes (neuts, eos, baso)

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11
Q

non granulocytes formed in the lymphatic tissue (mainly spleen and lymph nodes)

A

lymphoid cells

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12
Q

most numerous type of WBC

stain with the Wright stain
have 2-3 lobes
granules stain pink

A

neutrophils

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13
Q

least numerous type of WBC

stain with the Wright stain
have an S shaped nucleus
granules stain black

A

basophils

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14
Q

two-lobed nucleus

stain with the Wright stain
have two oval lobes (nucleus)
granules stain orange

A

eosinophils

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15
Q

first WBC to arrive at an infection site

A

neutrophil

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16
Q

WBC that neutralizes the effects of histamine in allergic reactions and destroy certain parasitic worms

A

eosinophil

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17
Q

WBC that releases histamines

A

basophil

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18
Q

second most numerous type of WBC, has one large nucleus

A

lymphocytes

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19
Q

largest WBC with the longest lifespan, has one nucleus (often with a cleft), and is responsible for general cleanup of the infection site

A

monocytes

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20
Q

cell responsible for detecting, engulfing and destroying pathogens

A

macrophage

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21
Q

macrophages are produced through differentiation fo monocytes (t/f)

A

true

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22
Q

main function of WBC

A

fight infection through phagocytosis

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23
Q

WBCs pass through several stages starting with a ____ cell before becoming mature WBCs

A

stem

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24
Q

leukocytosis is a(n) ___ in WBCs

A

increase

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25
Q

leukopenia is a(n) ___ in WBCs

A

decrease

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26
Q

high amount of neutrophils usually indicates a ___ infection

A

bacterial

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27
Q

high amount of lymphocytes usually indicates a ___ infection

A

viral

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28
Q

another term for red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

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29
Q

a ____ RBC has no nucleus

A

mature

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30
Q

there are __ oxygen molecules for every hemoglobin molecule

A

4

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31
Q

immature RBCs still have the nucleus in them, and are also called ___

A

reticulocytes (retics)

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32
Q

___ is broken down by the liver, spleen and bone marrow

A

hemoglobin

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33
Q

normal WBC count is ___ per cubic mL of blood

A

5000 - 9000 (5.0-9.0 x 10^9/L)

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34
Q

normal RBC count is ___ per cubic mL of blood

A

4.5 - 5.5 million (4.5-5.5 x 10^12/L)

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35
Q

normal platelet count is ___ per cubic mL of blood

A

150,000 - 450,000 (150-450 x 10^9/L)

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36
Q

cell fragments formed from megakaryocyte in the bone marrow, have no nucleus

A

platelets

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37
Q

another term for platelets

A

thrombocytes

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38
Q

main function of platelets

A

help in the clotting process

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39
Q

formation of RBCs is also called

A

erythropoiesis

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40
Q

main function of RBC

A

transport or carry O2 from lungs to body and CO2 from body to lungs when combined with hgb

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41
Q

a dynamic process whereby blood coagulation is initiated and terminated in a rapid and tightly regulated fashion

A

hemostasis

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42
Q

3 basic components that regulate hemostasis

A

vascular wall
platelets
coagulation cascade

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43
Q

constriction of the damaged blood vessels and formation of platelet plug

A

primary hemostasis

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44
Q

coagulation factors present in the blood interact, forming a fibring meshwork (clot)

A

secondary hemostasis

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45
Q

4 steps of the Hemostatic Process

A
  1. vasoconstriction
  2. formation of primary platelet plug
  3. progression of stable clot – hemostatic plug
  4. fibrinolysis
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46
Q

formation of primary platelet plug happens within ___ seconds of injury

A

15

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47
Q

initiated by tissue factors, coagulation factors taht are found in tissues not in the blood stream

A

extrinsic pathway

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48
Q

test used to evaluate extrinsic pathway

A

prothrombin time (PT/INR)

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49
Q

coagulation factors that involve the bloodstream

A

intrinsic pathway

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50
Q

test used to evaluate intrinsic pathway

A

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

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51
Q

both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways lead to this pathway, in which fibrin is produced to seal off the vessel

A

common pathway

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52
Q

natural element in our body that prevents clotting

A

heparin

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53
Q

he process by which fibrin is dissolved

A

fibrinolysis

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54
Q

how can you stimulate platelets?

A

bring them in contact with a rough surface

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55
Q

antigens are on/in ___

A

RBCs

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56
Q

antibodies are on/in ___

A

plasma

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57
Q

also called the Rh factor

A

D antigen

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58
Q

disorders of the ___ system:

anemia
embolus
hemophilia
leukemia
polycythemia
multiple myeloma
sickle cell anemia
deep vein thrombosis
phlebitis
thrombocytopenia
thrombus
varicose veins
hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn

A

circulatory

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59
Q

lab tests for ___ system:

CBC (#1)
PT/INR
cross match
iron (Fe)/ TIBC
PTT
factor studies

A

circulatory

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60
Q

most common anemia, caused by a decrease in iron, which is needed for hgb production

A

iron deficiency anemia

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61
Q

anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor in the digestive tract

A

pernicious anemia

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62
Q

required for the absorption of Vitamin B12, which is necessary for normal maturing of RBCs

A

intrinsic factor

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63
Q

failure of bone marrow to produce enough RBCs as well as WBCs and platelets is the cause of this anemia

A

aplastic anemia

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64
Q

anemia caused by an excessive destruction of RBCs, often becuase they are deformed

causes jaundice due to bilirubin buildup in the blood

A

hemolytic anemia

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65
Q

increased number of RBCs (maybe WBCs and platelets) produced by the bone marrow, blood becomes thick and puts a strain on the heart

A

polycythemia vera

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66
Q

___ of blood is plasma

A

50-55%

67
Q

four chambered muscular organ, shaped and sized roughly like a man’s closed fist

A

heart

68
Q

the heart is divided into ___ chambers

A

4

69
Q

upper chamber of the heart

A

atria

70
Q

lower chamber of the heart

A

ventricles

71
Q

ventricles are larger and have thicker walls than atria (t/f)

A

true

72
Q

left ventricle has thicker walls than the right (t/f)

A

true

73
Q

the left ventricle has to pump blood to the ___

A

body, except lungs

74
Q

the right ventricle has to pump blood to the ___

A

lungs only

75
Q

tricuspid and mitral valve (bicuspid)

A

cuspid valves

76
Q

pulmonary valve and aortic valve

A

semilunar valve

77
Q

guards the opening between the atria and ventricles, prevent back flow

A

cuspid valves (tricuspid and mitral)

78
Q

right cuspid valve guards opening between the right atrium and right ventricle, where deoxygenated blood passes through, and is also called

A

tricuspid valve

79
Q

left cuspid valve guards opening between the left atrium and left ventricle, where oxygenated blood passes through, and is also called

A

mitral/bicuspid valve

80
Q

guards the opening between the ventricles and the pulmonary artery (to the lungs) and the aorta, prevent back flow

A

semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic)

81
Q

heart cells are also known as

A

myocardial cells

82
Q

how do the myocardial cells receive blood?

A

right and left coronary artery outside of the heart wall

83
Q

myocardial infarction is also known as a

A

heart attack

84
Q

heart disoder where a blood clot plugs one of the branches of a coronary artery, little to no blood can reach some of the heart muscle cells and become ischemic (deprived of oxygen) so they cannot contract and soon die

A

myocardial infarction

85
Q

buildup of fatty material called plaque on the inside of the coronary arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

86
Q

arteriosclerosis causes chest pain called

A

angina

87
Q

vasodilator that is often used as medication for angina

A

nitroglycerin

88
Q

function is to pump blood in sufficient amounts to meet the needs of the cells of the body for the substances that it transports

A

heart

89
Q

means a complete heartbeat, gives milking action to the heart

A

the cardiac cycle

90
Q

systole means

A

contraction

91
Q

diastole means

A

relaxation

92
Q

normal adult heart pumps about __ of blood every minute throughout life

A

5 L

93
Q

another term for cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

94
Q

3 parts of the heart’s electrical system

A

SA node (sinoatrial node)
AV node (atrioventricular node)
His-Purkinje system

95
Q

known as the heart’s natural pacemaker, has special cells that makes your heart beat

A

SA node (sinoatrial node)

96
Q

the bridge between the atria and ventricles, where electrical signals pass from the atria down to the ventricles (back-up)

A

AV node (atrioventricular node)

97
Q

carries electrical signals throughout the ventricles to make them contract

A

His-Purkinje system

98
Q

1 test done to see if you’ve had a heart attack

A

troponin

99
Q

P-wave is generated on an EKG by

A

SA node firing and atrium squeezing, AV node pauses

100
Q

QRS complex is generated on an EKG by

A

ventricles squeezing

101
Q

T-wave is generated on an EKG by

A

ventricles relaxing

102
Q

disorders of the ___

angina
myocardial infarction
congestive heart failure
bacterial endocarditis
coronary heart disease (most common)

A

heart

103
Q

laboratory tests for ___

troponin
cholesterol
CK
AST
LD
microbiology cultures
potassium
myoglobin

A

heart

104
Q

outermost layer of a vein or artery, consists mainly of collagen fibers that act as a supportive element

A

tunica adventitia or tunica externa

105
Q

middle layer of an artery or vein

A

tunica media

106
Q

the innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells

A

tunica intima or tunica interna

107
Q

inside cavity of a blood vessel

A

lumen

108
Q

blood vessels that lead blood away from the heart

carry unoxygenated blood to lungs, and oxygenated blood to the body

A

arteries

109
Q

another term for small arteries

A

arterioles

110
Q

the only artery that does not carry oxygen rich blood

A

pulmonary artery

111
Q

arteries have ___ walls than veins

A

thicker

112
Q

blood vessels that lead blood towards the heart

carry deoxygenated blood from body to heart, and oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

A

veins

113
Q

veins contain ___ that prevent the blood from flowing back with the force of gravity

A

valves

114
Q

veins have ___ walls than arteries

A

thinner

115
Q

most common veins used for phlebotomy

A

median veins

116
Q

thumb side is also known as

A

cephalic

117
Q

little finger side is also known as

A

basilic

118
Q

smallest blood vessels that connect the arterioles to the venules

A

capillaries

119
Q

where gases, nutrients, waste products and other substances are exchanged

A

capillaries

120
Q

blood in the capillary bed is a mixture of arterial and venous blood (t/f)

A

true

121
Q

system that assists in defending the body agains infections, and assists in the circulation system in draining fluid from body tissues

A

lymphatic system

122
Q

contains plasma fluid, white blood cells, carbon dioxide, and other chemicals that the body must flush out

A

lymphatic fluid

123
Q

lumps of tissue that act as filters as the fluid passes through

become enlarged and tender when helping fight off infection

main functions are defense and hemopoiesis

A

lymph nodes

124
Q

before birth RBCs are formed in the

A

spleen

125
Q

carries on phagocytosis, and is also a blood reserve

where hemopoiesis takes place

A

spleen

126
Q

disorders of the ___ system

Hodgkin disease
infection mononucleosis (kissing disease)
lymphangitis
lymphadenopathy
lymphoma

A

lymphatic

127
Q

lab tests for ___

bone marrow biopsy
CBC
microbiology cultures
lymph node biopsy
mono test

A

lymphatic system

128
Q

bloot clot that forms in a large vein in the leg

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

129
Q

genetic disorder characterized by bleeding due to increased coagulation time

A

hemophilia

130
Q

abnormal decrease in platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

131
Q

pathological, widespread clotting and fibrinolysis at the same time, which coagulation factors are consumed to such extent that bleeding occurs

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

132
Q

most common type of hemophilia, also called factor VIII deficiency

A

hemophilia A

133
Q

second most common type of hemophilia, also called factor IX deficiency

A

hemophilia B

134
Q

when platelets stick to the damaged tissue

A

platelet adhesion

135
Q

when platelets stick to each other

A

platelet aggregation

136
Q

reduction in the diameter of blood vessel caused by contraction of smooth muscle fibers in the tunica media

A

vasoconstriction

137
Q

in vitro

A

in a test tube

138
Q

in vivo

A

in a living body

139
Q

conversion of liquid such as blood into semisolid gel called a clot

A

coagulation

140
Q

arrest or stoppage of bleeding

A

hemostasis

141
Q

abnormal reduction in the number of RBCs in the circulating blood

A

anemia

142
Q

cancer usually involving multiplication of immature WBCs in the blood

A

leukemia

143
Q

normal increase in WBCs in the circulating blood

A

leukocytosis

144
Q

abnormal decrease in WBCs

A

leukopenia

145
Q

disorder involving uncontrolled growth of malignant plasma cells

A

multiple myeloma

146
Q

abnormal increase in RBCs

A

polycythemia

147
Q

hereditary anemia involving abnormal hemoglobin that distorts RBCs into a crescent (sickle) shape

A

sickle cell anemia

148
Q

increased number of platelets

A

thrombocytosis

149
Q

decreased number of platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

150
Q

localized dilation or bulging in the wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery

A

aneurysm

151
Q

thickening, hardeing, and loss of elasticity of artery walls

A

arteriosclerosis

152
Q

form of arteriosclerosis involving thickening of the intima of the artery due to buildup of plaque

A

atherosclerosis

153
Q

blood clot, part of a blood clot or ther mass of undissolved matter circulating in the blood stream

A

embolus

154
Q

obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus

A

embolism

155
Q

varicose veins in the rectal area

A

hemorrhoids

156
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

157
Q

inflammation of a vein along with thrombus (blood clot) formation

A

thrombophlebitis

158
Q

blood clot in a blood vessel or organ

A

thrombus

159
Q

swollen, knotted superficial veins

A

varicose veins

160
Q

the only vein that carries oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary vein

161
Q

outer layer of the heart

A

epicardium

162
Q

middle layer of the heart

A

myocardium

163
Q

inner layer of the heart

A

endocardium

164
Q

a thin, fluid-filled sac surrounding the heart

A

pericardium

Herzing College - MLA (14 decks)

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