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Biology 151 > Unit 3 Lecture 1 part 1 10/13/22 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Lecture 1 part 1 10/13/22 Flashcards

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1
Q

_____is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

A

Heredity

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2
Q

_____ is the scientific study of heredity and variation

A

Genetics

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3
Q

_____are the units of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA which code for specific proteins

A

Genes

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4
Q

Genes are passed to the next generation via reproductive cells called __________(sperm and eggs)

A

Gametes

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5
Q

Most DNA is packaged into __________

A

Chromosomes

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6
Q

For example, humans have __________ chromosomes in their somatic cells

A

46 or 23pairs

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7
Q

Each gene has a specific position, or __________, on a certain chromosome

A

Locus

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8
Q

In __________, a single individual passes genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes

A

Asexual reproduction

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9
Q

A __________ is a group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent

A

clone

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10
Q

In __________, two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from two parents

A

sexual reproduction

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11
Q

A __________ is the generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism

A

Life cycle

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12
Q

Human somatic cells have __________ of chromosomes

A

23 pairs

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13
Q

A __________ is an ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell

A

karyotype

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14
Q

The two chromosomes in each pair are called __________, or homologs

A

homologous chromosomes

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15
Q

The __________, which determine the sex of the individual, are called X and Y

A

sex chromosome

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16
Q

Human females have a __________ chromosomes (XX)

A

homologous pair of x

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17
Q

Human males have __________ chromosome

A

one Y and X

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18
Q

The remaining 22 pairs of chromosomes are called __________

A

autosomes

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19
Q

A __________ cell (2n) has two sets of chromosomes

A

Diploid

20
Q

For humans, the __________ number is 46 (2n = 46)

A

diploid

21
Q

A 1.__________(sperm or egg) contains a single set of chromosomes and is 2.__________(n)

A

1.Gamete
2.haploid

22
Q

For humans, the haploid number is __________(n = __________)

A

23

23
Q

Each set of 23 consists of __________ and a __________ chromosome

A
  1. 22 autosomes
  2. single sex
24
Q

In an unfertilized egg (ovum), the sex __________

A

chromosome is x

25
Q

In a sperm cell, the sex chromosome may be __________

A

either x or y

26
Q

__________ is the union of gametes (the sperm and the egg)

A

Fertilization

27
Q

The fertilized egg is called a __________ and has one set of chromosomes from each parent

A

zygote

28
Q

The zygote produces somatic cells by __________ and develops into an adult

A

mitosis

29
Q

__________ are the only types of human cells produced by __________ rather than mitosis

A

1.gametes
2.meiosis

30
Q

__________ results in one set of chromosomes in each gamete

A

meiosis

31
Q

__________ are the only haploid cells in animals

A

gametes

32
Q

They are produced by __________ and undergo __________ further cell division before fertilization

A

1.meiosis
2.no

33
Q

Plants and some algae exhibit an __________

A

alternation of generations

34
Q

In plants a __________ makes haploid gametes by mitosis

A

gametophyte

35
Q

In plants, fertilization of gametes results in a diploid __________

A

sporophyte

36
Q

In plants, only ________ cells can undergo meiosis

A

diploid

37
Q

Meiosis takes place in two sets of cell divisions, called 1._______ and 2.______

A

meiosis I
meiosis II

38
Q

in meiosis the 2 cell divisions result in ____ daughter cells, rather than the 2 daughter cells in mitosis

A

4

39
Q

In meiosis each daughter cell has only ___ as many chromosomes as the parent cell

A

half

40
Q

in meiosis a single pair of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell, both members of the pair are ______

A

duplicated

41
Q

Homologs may have different versions of genes, each called an ___

A

allele

42
Q

Homologs are not associated in any obvious way except during ____

A

meiosis

43
Q

__________ halves the total number of chromosomes very specifically

A

Meiosis

44
Q

In the __________ meiotic division, homologous pairs of chromosomes pair and separate and In the second meiotic division, sister chromatids of each chromosome separate

A

first

45
Q

After the second meiotic division, ____ new haploid cells are produced as a result

A

Four

Biology 151 (20 decks)

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