Unit 2 lecture 3 9/26/22

Question 1

The breakdown of organic molecules is ______

Answer 1

Exergonic

Question 2

______ is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2 and yields ATP

Answer 2

Fermentation

Question 3

Fermentation is a type of _____ respiration

Answer 3

Anaerobic respiration

Question 4

______ respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration

Question 5

________ respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration

Answer 5

Cellular respiration

Question 6

Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the ______

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

The transfer of ______during chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules, particularly hydrogens

Answer 7

Electrons

Question 8

Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called oxidation-reduction reactions, or ______

Answer 8

redox reactions

Question 9

In _______ a substance loses electrons, or is oxidized

Answer 9

Oxidation

Question 10

In ______ a substance gains electrons, or is reduced (the amount of positive charge is reduced)

Answer 10

Reduction

Question 11

The electron donor is called the ______

Answer 11

Reducing agent

Question 12

The electron receptor is called the _____

Answer 12

Oxidizing agent

Question 13

In aerobic respiration, oxygen is being 1._____, and glucose is being 2._____

Answer 13

1.Reduced
2.Oxidized

Question 14

Know this equation

Answer 14

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2 + 6 H20

Question 15

Electrons from glucose are usually first transferred to _____, a coenzyme

Answer 15

NAD+

Question 16

As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an _______ during cellular respiration

Answer 16

Oxidizing agent

Question 17

Harvesting of energy from glucose during aerobic respiration has three stages:

Answer 17

1.Glycolysis
2.Citric acid cycle(krebs)
3.Oxidative phosphorylation(electron transport chain)

Question 18

_______ : Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate

Answer 18

Glycolysis

Question 19

________(krebs) : Completes the breakdown of glucose

Answer 19

Citiric acid cycle(krebs)

Question 20

________ : Accounts for most of the ATP synthesis

Answer 20

Oxidative phosphorylation(electron transport chain)

Question 21

Glycolysis(“splitting of sugar”) breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of ______

Answer 21

Pyruvate

Question 22

Glycolysis Occurs in the _____and has two major phases
1.Energy investment phase
2.Energy payoff phase

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

Glycolysis occurs whether or not _____ is present

Answer 23

Oxygen(O2)

Question 24

After pyruvate is oxidized, the ________ completes the energy yielding oxidation of organic molecules

Answer 24

citric acid cycle(krebs)

Question 25

In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the ______ (in eukaryotic cells) where the oxidation of glucose is completed

Answer 25

mitochondrion

Question 26

Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to _______, which links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle

Answer 26

acetyl coenzyme A (Acetyl CoA)

Question 27

NAD+ is reduced to ______

Answer 27

NADH

Question 28

An acetyl group is transferred to coenzyme A resulting in ______

Answer 28

acetyl CoA

Question 29

this process occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and happens _____

Answer 29

twice

Question 30

The ______ accounts for the break down of pyruvate to CO2

Answer 30

citric acid cycle(Krebs)

Question 31

first step of 8 in the krebs involves the acetyl group of acetyl CoA joining the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming _____

Answer 31

citrate

Question 32

The NADH and FADH2 produced by the cycle relay electrons extracted from food to the ______

Answer 32

electron transport chain