Unit 2 lecture 3 9/26/22 Flashcards
The breakdown of organic molecules is ______
Exergonic
______ is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2 and yields ATP
Fermentation
Fermentation is a type of _____ respiration
Anaerobic respiration
______ respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP
Aerobic respiration
________ respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration
Cellular respiration
Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the ______
glucose
The transfer of ______during chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules, particularly hydrogens
Electrons
Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called oxidation-reduction reactions, or ______
redox reactions
In _______ a substance loses electrons, or is oxidized
Oxidation
In ______ a substance gains electrons, or is reduced (the amount of positive charge is reduced)
Reduction
The electron donor is called the ______
Reducing agent
The electron receptor is called the _____
Oxidizing agent
In aerobic respiration, oxygen is being 1._____, and glucose is being 2._____
1.Reduced
2.Oxidized
Know this equation
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2 + 6 H20
Electrons from glucose are usually first transferred to _____, a coenzyme
NAD+
As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an _______ during cellular respiration
Oxidizing agent
Harvesting of energy from glucose during aerobic respiration has three stages:
1.Glycolysis
2.Citric acid cycle(krebs)
3.Oxidative phosphorylation(electron transport chain)
_______ : Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
Glycolysis
________(krebs) : Completes the breakdown of glucose
Citiric acid cycle(krebs)
________ : Accounts for most of the ATP synthesis
Oxidative phosphorylation(electron transport chain)
Glycolysis(“splitting of sugar”) breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of ______
Pyruvate
Glycolysis Occurs in the _____and has two major phases
1.Energy investment phase
2.Energy payoff phase
Cytoplasm
Glycolysis occurs whether or not _____ is present
Oxygen(O2)
After pyruvate is oxidized, the ________ completes the energy yielding oxidation of organic molecules
citric acid cycle(krebs)
In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the ______ (in eukaryotic cells) where the oxidation of glucose is completed
mitochondrion
Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to _______, which links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle
acetyl coenzyme A (Acetyl CoA)
NAD+ is reduced to ______
NADH
An acetyl group is transferred to coenzyme A resulting in ______
acetyl CoA
this process occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and happens _____
twice
The ______ accounts for the break down of pyruvate to CO2
citric acid cycle(Krebs)
first step of 8 in the krebs involves the acetyl group of acetyl CoA joining the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming _____
citrate
The NADH and FADH2 produced by the cycle relay electrons extracted from food to the ______
electron transport chain
