Lecture 1 Flashcards
List 5 broad categories that life can be grouped by
Organization, Information, Energy and Matter, Interactions, evolution
What is the approach where you examine components one at a time?
Reductionism
What describes characteristics that are the result of multiple components working together
Emergent properties
What examines the interactions between multiple components to understand these emergent properties?
Systems Biology
Biological research can be broken down into what 2 broad topics?
Function and Stucture
____ Relates to the way something is and its components
Structure
____ Describes interactions with other components and energy exchange
Function
Structurally simpler cells that lack membrane bound organelles _______
Prokaryotic
Often larger more complex cells with membrane bound structures that may include multicellular organisms ______
Eukaryotic
The 4 Nucleotides of DNA
Adenine - Thymine , Guanine - Cytosine
DNA is organized on _____
Chromosomes
______ Found on chromosome and are specific sequences that code for proteins
Genes
_____ comprise important structural elements, as well as the primary cellular machinery of the body
Proteins
_____ Are Made up of complex combinations of amino acids, which are themselves coded by 3 letter sequences on DNA on a gene
Proteins
_____ Describes which genes, and their associated proteins, are being read and manufactured at a given time
Gene expression
The entire collection of genes in an organism is known as the ______
Genome
Energy use and transfer is performed through a variety of chemical reactions collectively referred to as ______
Meatbolism
Metabolic reactions are responsible for everything from DNA replication, to the generation of _____
ATP
_____ Is used to drive metabolic process from cellular signaling, to chemical synthesis
Adenosine Triphosphate
______ defined as a change in heritable characteristics over time
Evolution
_____ A search for information relating to some natural phenomenon
Inquiry
What is the singular of data
Dataum
Data my be recorded as specific numerical values, known as ______
Quantitative Data
Those data not practically reduced to numerical values are recorded as _____
Qualitative
_____ May manifest as any value, and so are theoretically infinite in their outcome
Continuous Data
______ are those that fall into some predefined numerical category
Discrete Data
______ draws broad conclusions from specific observations
Inductive Reasoning
1. Theory 2. Hypothesis 3. Observation 4. Confirmation
_______ Makes specific predictions from these generalizations
Deductive Reasoning
1. Information 2. Pattern 3. Tentative Hypothesis 4. Theory
Explanation that is testable is known as _____
Hypothesis
_____ is a broad, well-established principle supported by a variety of hypotheses
Scientific Theory
