Unit 2 lecture 3 part 2 9/26/22 Flashcards
The Etc is in the _____of the mitochondrion
Cristae
Electrons are transferred from 1._____or 2.____to the electron transport chain
1.NADH
2.FADH2
Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including ______(each with an iron atom) to O2
cytochromes
Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump _____ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space
H+
H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the proton, _____
ATP synthase
______ uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP
ATP synthase
This is an example of ________ the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work
Chemiosmosis
The H+ gradient is referred to as a ______ emphasizing its capacity to do work
Proton-motive force
About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about ______
32 ATP
Most cellular respiration requires ___ to produce ATP and without out it the electron transport chain it will cease to operate
Oxygen(O2)
Certain types of anaerobic respiration uses an ______ with a final electron acceptor other than O2, for example sulfate
electron transport chain
Fermentation uses _______ instead of an electron transport chain to generate ATP
substrate-level phosphorylation
Two common types of fermentation are 1.______and 2.______
1.alcohol fermentation
2.lactic acid fermentation
In _______ pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps, with the first releasing CO2
alcohol fermentation
In_______ pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2
lactic acid fermentation
Both aerobic and anaerobic use _____(net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food
glycolysis
Both aerobic and anaerobic, ____ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis
NAD+
The processes have different _____ : an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration
final electron acceptors
Cellular respiration produces 1._____ per glucose molecule; fermentation produces 2._____ per glucose molecule
- 32 ATP
- 2 ATP
_______ carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2
Obligate anaerobes
Yeast and many bacteria are _______, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration
facultative anaerobes
Very little O2 was available in the atmosphere until about 2.7 billion years ago, so early prokaryotes likely used only ______ to generate ATP
glycolysis
Glycolysis accepts a wide range of ______ and amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle
carbohydrates
