Unit 2 lecture 3 part 2 9/26/22

Question 1

The Etc is in the _____of the mitochondrion

Answer 1

Cristae

Question 2

Electrons are transferred from 1._____or 2.____to the electron transport chain

Answer 2

1.NADH
2.FADH2

Question 3

Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including ______(each with an iron atom) to O2

Answer 3

cytochromes

Question 4

Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump _____ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space

Answer 4

H+

Question 5

H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the proton, _____

Answer 5

ATP synthase

Question 6

______ uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP

Answer 6

ATP synthase

Question 7

This is an example of ________ the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work

Answer 7

Chemiosmosis

Question 8

The H+ gradient is referred to as a ______ emphasizing its capacity to do work

Answer 8

Proton-motive force

Question 9

About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about ______

Answer 9

32 ATP

Question 10

Most cellular respiration requires ___ to produce ATP and without out it the electron transport chain it will cease to operate

Answer 10

Oxygen(O2)

Question 11

Certain types of anaerobic respiration uses an ______ with a final electron acceptor other than O2, for example sulfate

Answer 11

electron transport chain

Question 12

Fermentation uses _______ instead of an electron transport chain to generate ATP

Answer 12

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 13

Two common types of fermentation are 1.______and 2.______

Answer 13

1.alcohol fermentation
2.lactic acid fermentation

Question 14

In _______ pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps, with the first releasing CO2

Answer 14

alcohol fermentation

Question 15

In_______ pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2

Answer 15

lactic acid fermentation

Question 16

Both aerobic and anaerobic use _____(net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food

Answer 16

glycolysis

Question 17

Both aerobic and anaerobic, ____ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis

Answer 17

NAD+

Question 18

The processes have different _____ : an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration

Answer 18

final electron acceptors

Question 19

Cellular respiration produces 1._____ per glucose molecule; fermentation produces 2._____ per glucose molecule

Answer 19

1. 32 ATP
2. 2 ATP

Question 20

_______ carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2

Answer 20

Obligate anaerobes

Question 21

Yeast and many bacteria are _______, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration

Answer 21

facultative anaerobes

Question 22

Very little O2 was available in the atmosphere until about 2.7 billion years ago, so early prokaryotes likely used only ______ to generate ATP

Answer 22

glycolysis

Question 23

Glycolysis accepts a wide range of ______ and amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle

Answer 23

carbohydrates