Lecture 2 8/24/22

Question 1

____ are substances comprised of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Answer 1

Compounds

Question 2

C.H.O.P.S.N. / the most important elements

Answer 2

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, nitrogen

Question 3

The number of protons in the nucleus is the _____

Answer 3

Atomic Number

Question 4

The total number of neutrons + protons is the _____

Answer 4

Mass number

Question 5

These varying forms of an element are called _____

Answer 5

Isotopes

Question 6

_______ describe the average distance of a subset of electron from the nucleus

Answer 6

Electron shells

Question 7

_____ are attractions between compounds which are the result of their associated properties

Answer 7

Chemical bonds

Question 8

______are formed when valence electrons are shared by two atoms and are the strongest type of bond

Answer 8

Covalent bonds

Question 9

_____ are formed as the result covalent bonds

Answer 9

Molecules

Question 10

Certain elements attract electrons more strongly, this property is called _____

Answer 10

electronegativity

Question 11

An equal sharing of electrons results in a _____

Answer 11

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 12

In cases where electrons are unequally draw to certain elements in a molecule you end up with a _____

Answer 12

Polar covalent bond

Question 13

_____ form between elements/molecules which have opposite charges (ions)

Answer 13

Ionic bonds

Question 14

positive elements/molecules

Answer 14

Cations

Question 15

negative elements/molecules

Answer 15

anions

Question 16

Ionic bonds often form ____, which are not molecules strictly speaking

Answer 16

Salts

Question 17

Elements/molecules with polar covalent bonds attract one another in what are known as ____

Answer 17

Hydrogen bond

Question 18

However, even non-polar elements/molecules may attract one another if sufficiently dense in attractions known as _____

Answer 18

Van der Waals Forces

Question 19

Oxygen is highly electronegative, the result being that water is very much a ______

Answer 19

polar molecule

Question 20

Water molecules stick to one another in a phenomenon known as _____

Answer 20

Cohesion

Question 21

This wide attraction to other substances is known as _____

Answer 21

Adhesion

Question 22

______ is essentially a measure of kinetic energy

Answer 22

Temperature

Question 23

_____ describes the amount of heat required to heat one gram of water by 1°

Answer 23

Calorie

Question 24

______ is the amount of hear required to change one gram of substance by 1°

Answer 24

Specific heat

Question 25

water has a high ______, that is the amount of heat required for a gram of liquid to convert to a gas

Answer 25

heat of vaporization

Question 26

The _____ is the dissolving agent

Answer 26

Solvent

Question 27

The _____is the substance being dissolved

Answer 27

Solute

Question 28

A solution in which water is the solvent is known as an ______

Answer 28

Aqueous solution

Question 29

The molecule that lost the H atom becomes a ____(OH-)

Answer 29

Hydroxide

Question 30

The molecule that gained the the H atom becomes a ____

Answer 30

Hydronium