Lecture 3 8/29/22

Question 1

_____ is perhaps the most important element and contains _ valence electrons

Answer 1

Carbon & 4

Question 2

Compounds which contain carbon are referred to as _______

Answer 2

Organic Compounds

Question 3

There are 4 basic very important biological macro molecules, which are _____

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid

Question 4

____ if the most common element and often acts as a filler in complex molecules

Answer 4

Hydrogen

Question 5

Chains of hydrogen and carbon are called ____

Answer 5

Hydrocarbons

Question 6

_____ are good vectors of energy transfer, bc their bonds are stable but not too stable

Answer 6

Hydrocarbons

Question 7

Compounds that have the same numbers of atoms/elements, but different structures are called ____

Answer 7

Isomers

Question 8

____ different in the covalent arrangement of their atoms

Answer 8

Structural Isomers

Question 9

____ have the same covalent bonds, but have differing spatial arrangements due to the inflexibility of double bonds

Answer 9

Cis-Trans Isomers

Question 10

_____ are isomers that are mirror images of one another

Answer 10

Enatiomers

Question 11

_______ are often the portions directly involved in chemical reactions and vary considerably in their composition

Answer 11

Functional Groups

Question 12

Biological macromolecules are long molecules made up of the same or similar building blocks called _____

Answer 12

Polymers

Question 13

The individual blocks themselves that make up polymers are called ____

Answer 13

Monomers

Question 14

Macromolecules are very often comprised of ____ and ____

Answer 14

Carbon & Hydrogen

Question 15

The large repeating chains that typify polymers are synthesized and broken by specialized macromolecules (usually proteins) called _____

Answer 15

Enzymes

Question 16

_____ is usually the way in which polymers are made or broken

Answer 16

the addition or subtraction of Water(H20)

Question 17

_____ bond monomers together through the loss of water are are known as ____ polymers

Answer 17

Dehydration synthesis reactions, Build

Question 18

_____ often separates monomers through the addition of water and are known often as ___ polymers

Answer 18

Hydrolysis & Break down

Question 19

_____ are not actually polymers so are technically not macromolecules

Answer 19

Lipids

Question 20

_____ include sugars and polymers of sugars
and are characterized by the presence of __________, and __________

Answer 20

Carbohydrates, Carbonyl groups, & Hydroxyl Groups

Question 21

Carbs include sugars and polymers of sugars and typically end with -ose, they are ______

Answer 21

Highly water soluble

Question 22

Carbohydrates polymers are made of ____

Answer 22

monosaccharides

Question 23

_____ is the most common carbohydrate for life

Answer 23

Glucose (C6H12O6)

Question 24

____ tends to form in rings when in aqueous solutions

Answer 24

Glucose

Question 25

Larger sugars/carbohydrates are formed through_____

Answer 25

glycosidic linkages (covalently bond monosaccharides) - formed through dehydration reactions

Question 26

_____ consist of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage and includes compounds such as sucrose, lactose, etc.

Answer 26

disaccharides

Question 27

Carbohydrates made up of many (often hundreds or thousands) monosaccharide monomers are referred to as _____

Answer 27

Polysaccharides

Question 28

_______ keep monosaccharides organized and can be hydrolyzed as need to provide monomers for ATP production

Answer 28

Storage polysaccharides

Question 29

Plants use _____ to stockpile surplus glucose

Answer 29

Starch

Question 30

Animals use _____ to store surplus glucose

Answer 30

Glycogen

Question 31

______ are made up of tightly knit monosaccharides which are very stable and extremely tough

Answer 31

Structural polysaccharides

Question 32

_____ is a structural polysaccharide that plants use to build their bodies

Answer 32

Cellulose

Question 33

_____ include fats, phospholipids and steroids and are generally highly ____

Answer 33

Lipids & Hydrophobic

Question 34

Lipids do not generally from _____

Answer 34

Polymers

Question 35

____ are lipids characterized by a ____ molecule, and 3 fatty acid tails

Answer 35

Fats & Glycerol

Question 36

The _____ is an alcohol, with three carbons each bearing a hydroxyl group

Answer 36

Glycerol head

Question 37

The_____ is a hydrocarbon chain and may either be saturated or unsaturated

Answer 37

Fatty acid tails

Question 38

_____ have a full compliment of hydrogen and only single bonds

Answer 38

Saturated fats