Unit 3 - Central Dogma

Question 1

central dogma of molecular biology

Answer 1

DNA = RNA = Protein = genetic info

Question 2

Gene to Protein

Answer 2

CD states that genetic material flows from DNA to RNA to protein (genes code for aa sequence)

Question 3

Central Dogma

Answer 3

suggests that DNA contains the info needed to make all our proteins and that RNA is a messenger that carries this info to the Ribosomes

Question 4

Ribosomes (in CD)

Answer 4

serve as factories in the cell where the info is translated from a code into the functional product

Question 5

Gene Expression

Answer 5

process by which the DNA instructions r converted into the functional product

Question 6

Gene expression two key stages

Answer 6

1) transcription
2) translation

Question 7

Transcription

Answer 7

in the mechanism where info code in NUCLEIC ACID of DNA is copied into the NUCLEIC ACID of RNA

Question 8

Translation

Answer 8

is the mechanism by which the info code in the NUCLEIC ACIDS or RNA is copied into AMINO ACIDS of PROTEINS

Question 9

Ribonucleic Acid 3 major types involved in protein synthesis

Answer 9

1) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
3) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 10

mRNA

Answer 10

messenger RNA
- is the end product of the transcription of a gene
- translated by ribosomes into protein
- length varies depending on gene copied
- RNA version of RNA

Question 11

tRNA

Answer 11

transfer RNA
job; transfer aa to the ribosome to build a protein as coded by the mRNA template
- 70 to 90bp long
- single strand RNA that loops in on itself from antiparallel double stand

Question 12

rRNA

Answer 12

ribosomal RNA
- structural component of a ribosome
- an RNA mol within ribosome that bonds to the correct aa to the polypeptide chain
- length varies

Question 13

protein synthesis 2 steps

Answer 13

1) transcription
2) translation

Question 14

RNA polymerase Transcription

Answer 14

an enzyme that reads a DNA strand and creates a complementary strand of RNA. Bc the complementary DNA template strand is read in the 3’ to 5’ direction, mRAN will be formed into 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 15

Template strand transcription

Answer 15

is the DNA strand that is copied into an mRNA during gene transcription

Question 16

Templet strand DNA transcribed into…

Answer 16

precursor mRNA

Question 17

mRNA transcription

Answer 17

exist the nucleus and enters the cytosol where ribosomes r found
(pre-mRNA contains extra segments that r later removed)

Question 18

Translation

Answer 18

the mRNA mol associates w a ribosome

Question 19

Ribosome in translation

Answer 19

moves along the mRNA, the amino acid coded by the mRNA as delivered by tRNA to ribosomes

Question 20

Amino Acid joined by… in translation

Answer 20

peptide bonds, to form the polypeptide encoded by the gene

Question 21

genetic code - DNA alphabet

Answer 21

• 3 letter code
• ## A, U, G, C, = 20 amino acids

Question 22

codon

Answer 22

group of 3bp that code for an individual aa
- 5’ to 3’ order in mRNA

Question 23

Start codon

Answer 23

indicator Condon is the codon that signals the start of polypeptide chain (AUG) methionine

Question 24

Stop codon

Answer 24

signals that the end of a polypeptide chain causes the ribosomes to terminate translation
- 3 codons
UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 25

Wobble Hypothesis

Answer 25

• only methionine and tryptophan r specified by a single Condon
• res had redundancy which allows the third base in codon to change while still = the same aa