unit 1 - bio chem

Question 1

what r living things made off?

Answer 1

96% composed of 4 elements; C/N/O/H

Question 2

Atomic Structure

Answer 2

all matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms; smallest unit of any given element.

Question 3

Subatomic Particles

Answer 3

1) core nucleus of protons and neutrons
2) electrons found in orbitals

Question 4

(n0)
(p+)
(e-)

+weight of each subatomic particle

Answer 4

= neutral = 1.7 x 10-24g
= positive = 1.7 x 10-24g
=negative = 0

Question 5

Isotope

Answer 5

a form of an element that differs in its # of neutrons

Question 6

Radioactive Isotopes

Answer 6

by changing the number of neutrons, the chemical properties of the atom remain the same but the atom’s mass or stability of the nucleus is altered. which is used to determine the age of organic material/fossils + diagnoses in medician.

Question 7

Ionic
1) between
2) mechanism
3) force of attraction
4) structure

Answer 7

1) metal and nonmetal
2) metal loses e- = cation
nonmetal gain e- = anion
3) electrostatic interaction (between + and -)
4) crystal lattice

Question 8

Covalent
1) between
2) mechanism
3) force of attraction
4) structure

Answer 8

1) 2 or more non metals
2) valance e- r shared
3) physical shared
4) v depending on how mol interact w one another (polarity / size/ 3D shape)

Question 9

intermolecular Forces

Answer 9

if a molecule is polar or large the force between diff mols plays an important role

Question 10

Hydrogen - Bonds

Answer 10

strong polar bonds with electronegative elements like oxygen and nitrogen. Positivly charged hydrogen atoms will attract near by negative charges (INTRA between molecules)

Question 11

Van Der Waal

Answer 11

INTER molecules between elements of a molecule. forces that they r extremely weak but work well in large mol, size, and shape. which influences the number of total strength.

Question 12

Polarity

(electronegativity)

Answer 12

dont all act the same, therefore every element has its own characteristics of electronegativity. they are assigned values used to determine the overall pull of electrons. when an element has a greater pull on an e- it gaines a negative charge and if it holds a weaker pull will gain a positive charge.

Question 13

Most electronegative

(diff when containing O/N vs C/H)

Answer 13

fluorine
1) they contain H/O/N/C elements
2) if they have O or N they are polar
3) C or H they will be nonpolar

Question 14

water

Answer 14

makes up more then 65% of our body. we r polar due to shape which also forms hydrogen bond between one another

Question 15

Properties of water

Answer 15

1)water is cling
2)absorbs lots of heat
3) solid water (ice)=less dence
4) very solvent

Question 16

water clings

Answer 16

cohesion = water mol for h-bonds
adhesion = water form bonds w other polar substances

Question 17

absorbs lots of heat

Answer 17

high SHC
moderates land and air temp
alows animal to thermo regulate

Question 18

solid water = less dence

Answer 18

high density of 4c
ice flouts
prevents oceans from freezing

Question 19

v solvent

Answer 19

charged end have a high affinity for charged ions and polar substances

Question 20

1) polar
2) non polar
3) ionic

Answer 20

1) dissolved water = hydrophilic
2) does not dissolve water= hydrophobic
3) usually dissolved in water making aq solutions

Question 21

acid and bases

Answer 21

not only dissolved in water but r partially dissociated into ions. if produced H+ ions it means they are acid or OH- is basic and can be neutralized by one another.

Question 22

Reactions

Answer 22

1) dehydration
2) hydrolysis
3) neutralization
4) redox

Question 23

dehydration

Answer 23

a chemical rxn in which a subunit of a large mol r joined by removing water

Question 24

hydrolysis

Answer 24

water / cut
a chemical rxn in which water is used to split a large mol into small subunits

Question 25

neutralization

Answer 25

a rxn in which an acid or base combine to make a salt and water

Question 26

redox

Answer 26

Reduction / oxidation
= an electron transfer rxn