Unit 1 - Nucleic Acid Flashcards
1
Q
Nucleic Acids
A
- they r not nutrients
- but r essential for all living things
- responsible for protein assembly and carry genetic info
- genetic info moves from one nucleic acid (DNA) to another (RNA) and then is translated into proteins
2
Q
Nucleotides
A
- all NA r polymers of units
- Nitrogenous bases
A / C / T / G / U - Pentose sugar
ribose / deoxyribose - one to three phosphate groups
3
Q
Pentose Sugar
A
DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA - ribonucleic acid
4
Q
Types of Nitrogenous Bases
A
Purines and Pyrimidines
5
Q
Purines
A
r large due to 2 carbons nitrogen joined rings
Adenine and Guanine
6
Q
Pyrimidines
A
one carbon-nitrogen rings
Cytosine and Uracil and Thymine
7
Q
DNA and RNA
A
- chains of nucleotides called polynucleotide chains
- one nucleotide is linked to another by a single bridging phosphate group between 5’c and 3’c = phosphodiester bongs
8
Q
Condensation RXN
A
the formation of the phosphodiester linkage occurs through a condemnation rxn
9
Q
DNA
A
- deoxyribose
- phosphate group &
- A, T, G, or C
- is double-stranded and runs antiparallel.
Double Helix
10
Q
Phosphate end vs Sugar end
A
p - end is called 5’ end off the fifth carbon sugar
s - end is called 3’ end off the 3 carbon sugar
11
Q
DNA joined through…
a/t/c/g/u bonded to what and bond type
A
Hydrogen Bonds
A forms 2 Hbonds with T
C forms 3 Hbonds with G
12
Q
RNA
A
- ribose
- a phosphate
- A, U, G, C,
uracil replaces thymine - single-stranded
-short linear forms; as well as the structure folds back on themselves making a clover or hairpin formation.
13
Q
Other Nucleotides
A
perform many functions in cells, in addition to serving as the building blocks of nucleic acids
- two nucleotides, ATP and GTP, r the primary mols that transport chemical energy from rxn to the other
