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bio exam > Unit 2 - Light Dependent RXN > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Light Dependent RXN Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages

A

1) photo stage
2) synthesis stage

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2
Q

Photo stage

A
  • light-dependent rxn
  • occurs in thylakoid membranes in chloroplast
  • energy ficing
  • converts light energy to make ATP and NADPH which will be used to drive the next stage
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3
Q

Synthesis stage

A
  • dark light independent rxn
    (calvin cycle)
  • carbon fixing reactions
  • uses ATP to convert inorganic mols to organic fuel containing stored potential energy in the bonds
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4
Q

Photosynthesis light independent / dark reaction

A

= calvin cycle

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5
Q

photosynthesis light reaction goes on to become

A

1) cyclic - PS1 only - makes ATP
2) noncyclic - PS2 and PS1 - makes ATP and NADPH

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6
Q

Summary of rxn

A

light - chemical energy, ATP or NADPH (through light dependent reaction) - chemical energy (through calvin cycle)

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7
Q

light reaction of photosynthesis can occur in 2 ways

A

noncyclic and cyclic photophosphorylation

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8
Q

both cyclic and non cyclce use chlorophyll…

A

which sits near an electron acceptor in a photosystem (cluster of proteins and pigments embedded in the thylakoid membrane)

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9
Q

Non-cyclic photophosphorylation makes

A

ATP ad NADPH

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10
Q

4 major protein complexes

A

1) photosystem 2 (PS2)
2) cytochrome complex (cyt)
3) photosystem 1 (PS1)
4) NADP+ reductase
5) ATP synthase

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11
Q

3 major electron shuttles

A

1) plastoquinone
2) plastocyanin
3) ferredoxin

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12
Q

divide 3 parts

A

1) photoexcitation
2) electron transport
3) chemiosmosis

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13
Q

photoexcitation

A

absorption of a photon by an electron by chlorophyll

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14
Q

electron transport

A

creates an H+ reservior

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15
Q

chemiosmosis

A

movement of protons to help phosphorylate ADP to ATP

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16
Q

Photoexcitation pt 1

A

the actions of photosystem 2 begin when a photon energizes an e- in P680 forming P680*

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17
Q

Photoexcitation pt 2

A

the energized chlorophyll (P680) then transfers the high energy e- to acceptor A in the reaction centre. P680 is now + charged

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18
Q

Photoexcitation pt 3

A

the + P680 ion then oxidized water and the high energy e- is transferred from the reaction centre to the carrier mol plastoquinone (PQ)

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19
Q

What has just been release and where

A

oxygen gas and protons r now released into the human

2water = 4H + 4e- + O2

20
Q

Linear Electron Transport and ATP Synthase: 1) Oxidation of P680

A

the absorption of light energy by photosystem 2 results in the formation of an excited state P680 mols which is rapidly oxidized transferring a high energy electron to the primary acceptor

21
Q

Linear Electron Transport and ATP Synthase: 2) Oxidation-reduction of plastoquinone

A

from the primary acceptor the ET to PQ which shuttles e- from PS2 to the cytochrome complex. as PQ accepts e- from PS3, it picks up protons (H+) from the stroma and then releases them into the luman as it donates e- to the cytochrome complex (H+ increases in lumen)

22
Q

Linear Electron Transport and ATP Synthase: 3) ET from cytochrome complex and shuttling by plastocyanin

A

plastocyanin shuttles the e= from cytochrome complex to photosystem 1

23
Q

Linear Electron Transport and ATP Synthase: 4) Oxidation-Reduction of P700

A

as PS1 absorbs additional light energy, the e- bc excited. this cause the excited e- to escape photosystem moving along a second ETC

24
Q

Linear Electron Transport and ATP Synthase: 5) ET to NADP+ by Ferredoxin

A

first e- is transported by a sequence of carriers within photosystem 1, transferred to ferredoxin. the oxidation of ferredoxin results in the transfer of e- to NADP+ reducing to NADP

25
Q

Linear Electron Transport and ATP Synthase: 6) The Formation of NADPH

A

a 2nd e- is transferred to NADP by another mol of ferredoxin. this 2nd e- and proton (H+) from the stroma r added to NASP by the SANP+ reductase to from NADPH

26
Q

Chemiosmotic Synthesis of ATP

A

proton gradient is established across the thylakoid membrane by 3 mechanisms

27
Q

Chemiosmotic Synthesis of ATP (1)

A

protons (H+) r taken into the lumeb by the redox of plastoquinone as it moves from PS2 to the cytochrom complex and back again

28
Q

Chemiosmotic Synthesis of ATP (2)

A

the conc. of H+ inside the lumen is increased by the addition of 3 protons for each water mol that is split in the lumen

29
Q

Chemiosmotic Synthesis of ATP (3)

A

the removal of one H+ from one stroma from each NADPH mol formed decreases the con. of H+ in the stroma outside the thylakoid

30
Q

proton gradient

A

high conc. of ions in the LUMEN and a low conc. of ions in the STROMA

31
Q

chemiosmosis

A

the H+ ions flow down their concentration gradient through a protein complex of ATP synthase which is embedded in the membrane releasing energy in the process

32
Q

Cyclic Photophosphorylationmakes

A

involves PS1 only and ONLY ATP is created

33
Q

Cyclic Photophosphorylation 3 major protein complexes

A

1)photosystem 1
2)cytochrome complex
3)ATP synthase

34
Q

Cyclic Photophosphorylation 3 electron shuttles

A

1)plastoquinone (PQ)
2)plastocyanin (PC)
3)ferredoxin (FD)

35
Q

Cyclic Photophosphorylation pathway

A
  • uses photosystem 1 (P700) but not photosystem 2 (P680)
  • electrons move in a circular pathway from P700, FD, PQ, cytochrom complex, and plastocyanin and back to P700
36
Q

Products of Cyclic Photophosphorylation

A
  • makes ATP
  • make NO NADPH and O2
  • calvin cycle needs more ATP then NADPH
  • cyclic ET produces ATP mols needed for the redution of CO2 in Krebs
37
Q

Electron Movement

A

photosystem 1 absorbing light energy exciting P700 to P700* gives up an electron to the primary electron acceptor and becomes P700*

38
Q

P700*

A

receives e- from plastocyanin and returns to neural P700

39
Q

e- passes through

A

1) ferredoxin
2) ES plastoquinone
3) cytochrome complex (pumps protons into lumen)
4) plastocyanin and then repeats

40
Q

in short NONcyclic (5)

A

1) uses PS1 and 2
2) photolysis of water is needed
3) oxygen is evolved
4) NADPH is synthesized
5) production used for light independent rxn

41
Q

in short cyclic (5)

A

1) ONLY PS1
2) water not needed
3) no oxygen
4) NADPH is not synthesized
5) used to make additional ATP inorder to meet cell energy demands

42
Q

what is the energy of a photon first used to do in photosynthesis

A

energize an e-

43
Q

which mol absorbs the energy of a photon in photosynthesis

A

chlorophyll

44
Q

plants make O2 when they photosynthesize. Where does O2 come from

A

splitting water mols

45
Q

which colours of light does chlorophyll a repeal

A

green

bio exam (41 decks)

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