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bio exam > Unit 2 - Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Processes that required energy in the body

A

some of the energy produced in cells is released as heat during respiration but most is used for:
- muscle contraction and movement
- active transport
- making polymers (proteins)
-communication
- chemical rxn

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2
Q

Aerobic Cellular Respiration equation

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 =
6CO2 + 6H2O + (38ATP)

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3
Q

ATPE theoretical yeilds

A

totally ATP yeild by aerobic cellular respiration from the complete oxidation of one mol of glucose

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4
Q

Cellular Respiration Purpose

A

to produce ATP

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5
Q

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

A

process that extracts energy from food in the presence of oxygen
- energy used to synthesize ATP from ADP pi
- ATP used to supply energy to cell

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6
Q

Aerobic Cellular Respiration overall reaction

A

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + 38ATP

reactants = respiratory substrate
products = waste products
ATP = cellular currency
glucose is oxidized it is made up of a series or redox rxn

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7
Q

Goals of Cellular Respiration

A
  • to break bonds between 6c atoms of glucose
  • to transfer e- from hydrogen in glucose to oxygen forming 6 water mols
  • trap as much of the free energy released in the process as possible in the form of ATP
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8
Q

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Take place

A

in EUKARYOTES and some PROKARYOTES
- e = obligate aerobes
(require oxygen to live )

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9
Q

Aerobic Cellular Respiration 4 stages

A

1) glycolysis
2) pyruvate oxidation
3) krebs cycle
4) ETC and Chemisosmosis

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10
Q

Substrate level phosphorylation

A

energy transfer mechanism that forms ATP directly in an enzyme-catalyzed rxn
-ADP and phosphorylate intermediate

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11
Q

Oxidatice phosphorylation

A

a process that forms ATP using energy tranderred indirectly from a series of redox rxn
-ADP and inorganic phosphate

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12
Q

Stage 1 = gylcolysis

location + description

A

Location
= cytoplasm
Description
= breaks glucose into two 3-c mols of pyruvate

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13
Q

Stage 2 = pyruvate oxidation

location + description

A

Location
= mitochondrial matrix
Description
converts pyruvate into acetly-coA

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14
Q

Stage 3 = Krebs cycle

location + decription

A

Also, known as
= citric acid cycle
Location
= mitochondrial matrix
Description
= produces some ATP and lot of reducing power in the form of NADH and FADHw

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15
Q

Stage 4 = ETC and Chemiosmosis

location + descrption

A

Location
= inner mitochondrial matrix
Description
= uses ETC and high-energy e- carried by FADH2 and NADH to produce ATP

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16
Q

the Mitochondria

A

in eukaryotic cells glycolysis in the cytosol
- PO, KC, ETC occur in mitocondria

17
Q

Mitochondria consists of

parts of it

A
  • outer membrane and highly folded inner membrane (cristae)
  • enzymes and proteins embedded within the membrane
  • matrix protein-rich fluid filling inner space
18
Q

Inner Membrane

A

Folded into many plate-like extensions called CRISTAE
- increase SA upon which respiratory processes can take place
- covered in stalked particles which r sites of ATP production

19
Q

Central Matrix

A
  • the centre of the mitochondria is filled w a fluid which contains enzymes.
  • cells which need a lot of energy contain a lot of mitochondria ie. sperm
20
Q

Anaerobic Pathways
(pathway one)

A

a process that uses a final inorganic oxidizing agent, other than oxygen, to produce energy
ie. extracts energy from food without oxygen

21
Q

Fermentation
(pathway two)

A

process that uses an organic compound as the final oxidizing agent to produce energy

-both anerobic respiration and fermentation r catabolic (energy yielding)

22
Q

Fermintation

A

many prokaryotes and some protists use anaerobic respiration or fermentation to obtain energy from food since they live in environments w a lack of or no oxygen
ie. bacteria

23
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

an organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
- use inorganic substances such as S and Fe+3 as final electron acceptors to obtain energy

24
Q

Facultative Anaerobe

A

an organsim that can live w or without oxygen
ie. E.coli bacteria

bio exam (41 decks)

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