Unit 2 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Processes that required energy in the body
some of the energy produced in cells is released as heat during respiration but most is used for:
- muscle contraction and movement
- active transport
- making polymers (proteins)
-communication
- chemical rxn
Aerobic Cellular Respiration equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 =
6CO2 + 6H2O + (38ATP)
ATPE theoretical yeilds
totally ATP yeild by aerobic cellular respiration from the complete oxidation of one mol of glucose
Cellular Respiration Purpose
to produce ATP
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
process that extracts energy from food in the presence of oxygen
- energy used to synthesize ATP from ADP pi
- ATP used to supply energy to cell
Aerobic Cellular Respiration overall reaction
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + 38ATP
reactants = respiratory substrate
products = waste products
ATP = cellular currency
glucose is oxidized it is made up of a series or redox rxn
Goals of Cellular Respiration
- to break bonds between 6c atoms of glucose
- to transfer e- from hydrogen in glucose to oxygen forming 6 water mols
- trap as much of the free energy released in the process as possible in the form of ATP
Aerobic Cellular Respiration Take place
in EUKARYOTES and some PROKARYOTES
- e = obligate aerobes
(require oxygen to live )
Aerobic Cellular Respiration 4 stages
1) glycolysis
2) pyruvate oxidation
3) krebs cycle
4) ETC and Chemisosmosis
Substrate level phosphorylation
energy transfer mechanism that forms ATP directly in an enzyme-catalyzed rxn
-ADP and phosphorylate intermediate
Oxidatice phosphorylation
a process that forms ATP using energy tranderred indirectly from a series of redox rxn
-ADP and inorganic phosphate
Stage 1 = gylcolysis
location + description
Location
= cytoplasm
Description
= breaks glucose into two 3-c mols of pyruvate
Stage 2 = pyruvate oxidation
location + description
Location
= mitochondrial matrix
Description
converts pyruvate into acetly-coA
Stage 3 = Krebs cycle
location + decription
Also, known as
= citric acid cycle
Location
= mitochondrial matrix
Description
= produces some ATP and lot of reducing power in the form of NADH and FADHw
Stage 4 = ETC and Chemiosmosis
location + descrption
Location
= inner mitochondrial matrix
Description
= uses ETC and high-energy e- carried by FADH2 and NADH to produce ATP
the Mitochondria
in eukaryotic cells glycolysis in the cytosol
- PO, KC, ETC occur in mitocondria
Mitochondria consists of
parts of it
- outer membrane and highly folded inner membrane (cristae)
- enzymes and proteins embedded within the membrane
- matrix protein-rich fluid filling inner space
Inner Membrane
Folded into many plate-like extensions called CRISTAE
- increase SA upon which respiratory processes can take place
- covered in stalked particles which r sites of ATP production
Central Matrix
- the centre of the mitochondria is filled w a fluid which contains enzymes.
- cells which need a lot of energy contain a lot of mitochondria ie. sperm
Anaerobic Pathways
(pathway one)
a process that uses a final inorganic oxidizing agent, other than oxygen, to produce energy
ie. extracts energy from food without oxygen
Fermentation
(pathway two)
process that uses an organic compound as the final oxidizing agent to produce energy
-both anerobic respiration and fermentation r catabolic (energy yielding)
Fermintation
many prokaryotes and some protists use anaerobic respiration or fermentation to obtain energy from food since they live in environments w a lack of or no oxygen
ie. bacteria
Obligate Anaerobes
an organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
- use inorganic substances such as S and Fe+3 as final electron acceptors to obtain energy
Facultative Anaerobe
an organsim that can live w or without oxygen
ie. E.coli bacteria
