Unit 2-Lesson 1 Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is DNA?
a molecule that encodes genetic information of living things
Who were the three people that discovered the structure of DNA?
Francis Crick and James Watson are credited with discovering structure of DNA
Largely work of a Rosalind Franklin that led to this discovery ~ True discoverer of the DNA double Helix
What is the basic units that make up a DNA molecule?
Basic units that make up DNA molecule are nucleotides
What are the 3 components that nucleotides are made of?
- Phosphate Group
- Nitrogenous base
- Five carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
study the structures in notes
Why are nucleotides different in DNA?
Nucleotides are different due to nitrogenous base
What is nitrogenous base?
Nitrogenous base is the genetic alphabet (AGCT)
What kind of structure does Adenine and Guanine hold? and What is the name of the structure?
Adenine (A) and Guanine (G): double-ringed structures known as Purines
What kind of structure does Thymine and Cytosine hold? and What is the name of the structure?
Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C): single-ringed structures known as Pyrimidines
What is the Chargaff’s rule?
Chargaff’s Rule: Chargaff’s rules state thatDNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases
How many hydrogen bonds does Thymine and Adenine have together?
2 hydrogen bonds
How many hydrogen bonds does Cytosine and Guanine have together?
3 hydrogen bonds
What is the concept of anti-parallel configuration?
Fifth Carbon in Deoxyribose points upward in one strand and downward in the other
study structure for better understanding
What is Histones?
Histones: (+ charged proteins) act as “spool” on which DNA molecule coils
study diagram for better understanding
What is Nucleosome?
Nucleosome: (coil) coiled upon themselves to form chromatin fibre
