Unit 1 - Lesson 4 Flashcards
Describe the structure of a Bacterium
- Single-celled
- Prokaryotes (pretty simple cell)
- DNA made up of a single chromosome
- Surrounded by a cell wall
- Capsule
What are the 4 ways you can compare bacteria and archaea?
Morphology - what they look like
Nutrition - what they eat
Habitats - where your likely to find them
Reproduction - asexual or sexual
What are the 3 shapes bacteria and archaea can morph into?
spherical - known as cocci (singular coccus)
rods - known as bacilli (singular bacillus)
spiral shape
What are the patterns that the 3 shapes can be in?
diplo - (pair)
staphylo - (clumps or clusters)
strepto - (chain or string)
How do archaea obtain energy?
unique way that archaea obtain energy is called methanogenesis
Where can you find archaebacteria obtaining energy where the produce methane gas?
when animal dies they become decomposer, the reason body’s bloat is because of the methane gas thats being produced because archaea bacteria is feeding off of body, and when they eat they produce methane gas!
Where do archaea bacteria live?
The digestive tracts of animal
Where can you find bacteria?
Found in both salt and fresh water
What do bacteria and archaea have in common with their habitats?
Both occupy environments with oxygen (aerobic) and without oxygen (anaerobic)
Where can archaea live that bacteria can’t?
Archaea can live in extreme environments, known as extremophiles
Where can bacteria live that archaea can’t?
Most bacteria occupy environments with moderate condition. Know as mesophiles
List the 4 habitats of extremophiles
- Deep sea vents and hot springs Ex. thermophile (heat lover)
- Volcanic crater and mine drainage lakes Ex. acidophile (acid lover)
- Salt lakes and inland sea Ex. halophile (salt lover)
- Antarctic and Arctic oceans Ex. psychrophile (cold lover) ~ typically cells would freeze in cold environments because they are mostly made up with water but this type of cell loves the cold
Under normal conditions how do bacteria reproduce?
They all reproduce asexually by binary fission
How do some bacteria such as E. Coli and Salmonella reproduce?
Some bacteria, such as E. Coli and Salmonella, will reproduce sexually by conjugation
- this is considered a form of sexual reproduction because two different cells are sharing genetic information
How do two bacterial cells connect to each other?
two bacterial cells connect to each other by means of a conjugation tube and pieces of DNA (plasmids) are transferred from donor to donor
