Unit 1: History and Approaches Flashcards
When did psychology start becoming a SCIENCE (This is what kick-starts it as a concept)?
1879
Who was Wilhelm Wundt?
Set up the first psychological laboratory;
Known as the Founder of Pscyhology
What was introspection (engendered by Wundt)?
In which subjects were asked to record their own cognitive reactions to simple stimuli
What was Wundt’s approach to psychology?
Structuralism
What is structuralism?
The idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations
Who was William James?
Published the first psychology textbook, The Principles of Pscyhology;
Founder of functionalism
What is functionalism?
Examined how our brain structures function in our lives
Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?
Studied with William James;
Became a president of the American Psychological Association (APA)
Who was Margaret Floy Washburn?
First woman to earn a PhD in Psychology
What was the first wave of Pscyhology?
Introspection
Who was G. Stanley Hall?
Pioneer of child development;
First president of the APA
What was the second wave of Pscyhology?
Gestalt Psychology
Who was Max Wertheimer?
Pioneer of Gestalt Pscyhology
What was Gestalt Psychology?
Tried to examine a person’s total experience rather than individual parts of that experience
Who was Sigmund Freud?
Introduced the psychoanalytic theory
According to Freud, what is our unconscious mind?
A part of our mind over which we do not have conscious control that determines, in part, how we think and behave
According to Freud, what is repression?
The pushing down of unconscious events and feelings because they cause anxiety and tension
How did Freud believe we should study the unconscious mind?
Through dream analysis, word association, and psycho-analytic therapy techniques
What was the psychoanalysic theory’s criticisms?
It was unscientific and created unverifiable claims
What was the fourth wave of Pscyhology?
Behaviorism
What was the third wave of Pscyhology?
Psychoanalysis
What was behaviorism?
The exclusive study of only behavior and the causes of behavior (stimuli) and reactions (physical responses)
What is reinforcement?
Environmental stimulus that either encourage or discourage certain responses
What did behaviorists believe?
That the study of psychology should be limited to observable phenomena in order to be a science
What does eclectic mean?
Drawing from multiple perspectives
