Intelligence

Question 1

What must psychological tests be?

Answer 1

Reliable and valid

Question 2

What determines test reliability?

Answer 2

A test’s consistency;
Does it give similar scores every time?

Question 3

How is test reliability tested?

Answer 3

By comparing test scores by the same person at different times;
If the person’s score improves the second time, the test lacks reliability

Question 4

What determines test validity?

Answer 4

Does it measure accurately what it is supposed to measure?

Question 5

What are some factors affecting intelligence?

Answer 5

-Education or economic background
-Motivation (How frequent failure and obstacles hinder success)
-Cultural bias (A test would give advantage for a particular bias and this can be expressed in several ways)

Question 6

What is a bell curve?

Answer 6

Graph were a large majority of subjects fall into the middle

Question 7

What are the causes of intellectual disabilities?

Answer 7

-Alcohol or drugs when pregnant
-Malnutrition during pregnancy
-Genetic disorders (Down syndrome, etc.)
-Accidents (Brain damage, toxic chemicals, etc.)

Question 8

What is a learning disability?

Answer 8

Is a cognitive disorder that affects different areas of cognition, particularly language or reading

Question 9

Are learning disabilities the same as intellectual disabilties?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What are learning disabilities considered?

Answer 10

Specific neurological impairments rather than intellectual or developmental disabilities

Question 11

What is dysgraphia?

Answer 11

Struggle to write legibly

Question 12

What is dyslexia?

Answer 12

Exhibits an inability to correctly process letters;
The neurological mechanism for sound processing does not work properly in someone with dyslexia

Question 13

What is dyscalculia?

Answer 13

Difficulty in learning or comprehending arithmetic;
Difficulty in math comprehension

Question 14

What is intelligence?

Answer 14

The ability to learn from experience, to think rationally, and to deal with the environment effectively;
The natural ability to learn

Question 15

How many theories of intelligence are there?

Answer 15

Five

Question 16

What is Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory?

Answer 16

Intelligence has two factors: a G factor and S factor

Question 17

What is the G factor?

Answer 17

General intelligence or abilities to reason and solve problems

Question 18

What is the S factor?

Answer 18

Specific factors that account for particular abilities

Question 19

What is Thurstone’s Theory of Primary Mental Abilities?

Answer 19

Louis Thurstone believed that there were seven separate factors of primary mental abilities

Question 20

What are the seven factors Thurstone identified? (Part 1)

Answer 20

-Visual and spatial relations
-Perceptual speed
-Numerical ability
-Verbal comprehension

Question 21

What are the seven factors Thurstone identified? (Part 2)

Answer 21

-Memory
-Word fluency
-Deductive and inductive reasoning

Question 22

What is Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences?

Answer 22

Howard Gardner identified eight different kinds of intelligence within us

Question 23

What eight different intelligences did Gardner identify? (Part 1)

Answer 23

-Linguistic intelligence
-Logical mathematical intelligence
-Visual/spatial
-Body kinesthetic

Question 24

What eight different intelligences did Gardner identify? (Part 2)

Answer 24

-Musical rhythmic
-Interpersonal intelligence
-Intrapersonal intelligence
-Naturalistic

Question 25

What is Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory?

Answer 25

Sternberg believed that there were three parts of intelligence:
-Analytic: ability to solve problems
-Practical: ability to accomplish everyday tasks
-Creative: ability to deal with new situations

Question 26

What is Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence Theory?

Answer 26

Goleman believed that five factors were involved in academic or occupational success

Question 27

What five factors did Goleman identify? (Part 1)

Answer 27

-Self awareness: ability to recognize one’s one feelings
-Mood management: ability to separate one from unpleasant feelings
-Self motivation: ability to move ahead with confidence and enthusiasm

Question 28

What five factors did Goleman identify? (Part 2)

Answer 28

-Impulse control: ability to delay pleasure until the task at hand is accomplished
-People skillls: ability to empathize, understand, communicate, and cooperate with others

Question 29

What are the two emerging intelligence theories?

Answer 29

-Social quotient
-Adversity quotient

Question 30

What is the social quotient?

Answer 30

One’s ability to interact and communicate with others with empathy and assertiveness;
Includes the ability to build a network of friends and maintain it over a long period of time

Question 31

What is the adversity quotient?

Answer 31

Refers to one’s ability to overcome challenges of adversity