Chapter 1: History and Approaches Flashcards

1
Q

What was the first wave of psychology?

A

Introspection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is Wilhelm Wundt proclaimed as the founder of scientific psychology?

A

He was the first to study the subject scientifically, as opposed to just thinking about it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

According to modern-day pscyhologists, when did psychology as a study begin?

A

In 1879, when Wundt set up the first psychological laboratory in an apartment near the university at Leipzig, Germany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is introspection?

A

Subjects were asked to record accurately their cognitice reactions to simple stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was Wundt’s theory?

A

Structuralism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is structuralism?

A

The idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who published psychology’s first textbook?

A

William James

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was psychology’s first textbook, and when was it published?

A

The Principles of Psychology;
in 1890

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was James’s theory?

A

Functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is functionalism?

A

How the structures Wundy identified function in our lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who was the first woman to serve as the president of the American Psychological Association?

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Under who did Calkins study?

A

William James

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who was the first woman to earn a PhD in psychology?

A

Margaret Floy Washburn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did G. Stanley Hall?

A

He pioneered the study of child development and was the first president of the American Psychological Association;
A student under William James

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Gestalt psychologists argue against?

A

Dividing human thought and behavior into discrete structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who founded Gestalt psychology?

A

Max Wertheimer

17
Q

What is Gestalt psychology?

A

Tries to examine a person’s total experience because the way we experience the world is more than just an accumulation of various perceptual experiences

18
Q

What did Gestalt psychologists believe in?

A

That the whole experience is often more than just the sum of the parts of the experiment

19
Q

How did Gestalt psychology influence therapy?

A

Therapists later incorporated Gestalt thinking by examining not just a client’s difficulty but also the context in which that difficulty occurs

20
Q

What was Freud’s theory?

A

The psychoanalytic theory

21
Q

According to Freud, what is the unconscious mind?

A

A part of our mind over which we do not have conscious control that determines, in part, how we think and behave

22
Q

How is the unconscious mind built/developed?

A

Through repression

23
Q

What is repression?

A

The pushing down into the unconscious events and feelings that cause so much anxiety and tension that our conscious mind cannot deal with them

24
Q

What are some psychoanalytic therapy techniques?

A

Dream analysis and word association

25
What were the criticisms of the psychoanalytic theory?
It was unscientific and created unverifiable theories
26
What did Watson believe psychology should concern itself with?
He believed that for psychology to be considered a science, it must limit itself to observable phenomena, not unobservable concepts like the unconscious mind
27
What was Watson's theory?
Behaviorism
28
What is behaviorism?
The belief that psychology should only look at behavior and causes of behavior and not concern itself with explaining the consciousness
29
What is stimuli?
Environmental events
30
What is responses?
Physical reactions
31
What did B.F. Skinner do for psychology?
He expanded the basic ideas of behaviorism by including the idea of reinforcement
32
What was B.F. Skinner's idea of reinforcement?
Environmental stimuli that either encourage or discourage certain responses
33
When was behaviorism popular?
From the 1920s through the 1960s
34
What is meant by eclectic?
Drawing from multiple perspectives