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Phys Agents > Ultrasound Continued > Flashcards

Ultrasound Continued Flashcards

1
Q

What does US do during the inflammatory stage of healing (2)

A
  1. Inducing vasodilation

2. Activation of adhesion molecules

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2
Q

How does US work at the inflammatory stage

A

By modulating the signal transduction pathway using a series of enzymatic proteins and altering protein structural

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3
Q

What does US do to immune response during the repair phase of healing (2)

A
  1. Induce tissue debris clearance

2. Stimulate tissue remodeling

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4
Q

How does US improve the immune response during the repair phase of healing (2)

A
  1. Anti-inflammatory cytokines down regulate T-cells

2. Redirect cellular activity toward proliferation

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5
Q

What is the frequency response hypothesis central premise

A

US energy is absorbed by proteins which alters structural conformation of proteins modulating protein function

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6
Q

At what level does US provide an effect

A

Impairment level

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7
Q

What are the clinical uses of US (9)

A
  1. Aiding the inflammatory response to injury
  2. Connective tissue healing
  3. Superficial wound healing
  4. Bone healing
  5. Pitting edema
  6. Reducing muscle spasm
  7. Reducing pain
  8. Restoring ROM due to scar/contracture
  9. Stretching connective tissue
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8
Q

How does US aide in the inflammatory response to injury (3)

A
  1. Stimulates collagen synthesis
  2. Stimulates cell proliferation
  3. Stimulates release of histamine
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9
Q

What are the parameters for US to aide in the inflammatory response of injury

A

Pulsed: 20% duty cycle, 0.5 W/cm2, 5 minutes
Continuous: 0.1 W/cm2, 5 minutes

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10
Q

How does US effect superficial wound healing (3)

A
  1. Increased fibroblast production of collagen
  2. Increased blood vessel development
  3. Increased smooth muscle activity
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11
Q

What are the US parameters for bone healing

A

20% duty cycle, 1.5 MHz, 30 W/cm2, 20 minutes

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12
Q

How does US effect pitting edema

A

Heating effect from US will liquefy gel-like cellular debris which allows fluid to be removed by massage or elevation

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13
Q

How does US reduce muscle spasm (4)

A
  1. Increases blood in area
  2. Removed irritants
  3. Reduces pain cycle
  4. Increases O2 delivery to tissues
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14
Q

What are the 2 ways US reduces pain

A
  1. Altering transmission or perception of pain

2. Modifying underlying condition causing pain

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15
Q

What are the 4 ways US alters transmission or perception of pain

A
  1. Selectively heats peripheral nerve
  2. May alter or block impulse conduction
  3. Increase nerve cell membrane permeability
  4. Increase tissue metabolism
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16
Q

What are the contraindictations of US (10)

A
  1. Near malignant or benign tumor
  2. Near uterus of a pregnant female
  3. Central nervous system tissue
  4. Over cemented joint replacement
  5. Near pacemaker
  6. Near a suspected thrombophlebitis
  7. Over the eyes, ears, and genitalia
  8. Near an area with infection
  9. Over areas that have recently been exposed to radiation and radioactive isotopes
  10. Over areas with active bleeding or susceptible to hemorrhage
17
Q

What are precautions of US (4)

A
  1. Acute inflammation
  2. Epiphyseal plates
  3. Fractures
  4. Breast implants
18
Q

What is the therapeutic dose of US

A

The amount of acoustic energy delivered to the tissue per square centimeter

19
Q

True or False:

The treatment area should be no greater than 3x the ERA

A

True

20
Q

How do you calculate the total energy of an US dose

A

E=P*T

21
Q

How do you calculate the total energy delivered per sound head square cm

A

Es=E/ERA

22
Q

How do you calculate the therapeutic does

A

D=Es/(S (treated area)/ERA)

23
Q

True or False:

When doing US under water you don’t really want to touch the patients skin

A

True

24
Q

What is phonophoresis

A

The use of ultrasound energy to enhance delivery of topically applied drugs

25
Q

What is the US used to do during phonophoresis

A

Enhance skin permeability

26
Q

How does US enhance skin permeability during phonophoresis

A

Alters porous pathways

27
Q

How does US alter porous pathways (3)

A
  1. Enlarging pore radii
  2. Creating more pores
  3. Making pores less tortuous
28
Q

What is phonophoresis typically used for (2)

A
  1. Analgesic effects

2. Anti-inflammatory effects

29
Q

What is the duty cycle for phonophoresis during early subacute stage, late subacute stage, and chronic stage

A

Early subacute: Pulsed
Late subacute: Continuous
Chronic: Continuous

30
Q

Do higher or lower frequencies result in better absorption of medicine

A

Lower frequencies

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