Energy Flashcards
What is an electrophysical agent
A form of therapy used to produce a change in soft tissue through the addition or removal of energy
When is energy added to the body
When the temperature of the modality is above the core body temp
When is energy removed from the body
When the temperature of the modality is below the core body temp
What is energy
The capacity of a system for doing work
What is radiant energy
Process by which energy of various forms travels through space
What substances emit radiant energy
All substances above absolute zero (-273)
What is the constant velocity of radiant energy
3x10to8 m/sec2
What does quantum theory view radiant energy as
Packet of energy that is indivisible (photon)
How is a photon produced
By high velocity electronic or molecular motion or transformed kinetic energy released when molecules collide
What is the equation for energy
E=Hxf
What is H
Planck’s constant
What happens when the frequency increases
The energy increases
What is the electromagnetic wave theory
Energy is transmitted by oscillatory motion in the form of electromagnetic waves
What makes up the electromagnetic waves
electric and magnetic fields that vary over time and are perpendicular to each other
True or False:
Electromagnetic waves can propagate without a medium (in a vacuum)
True
How do you determine the velocity of a wave
V=wavelength*frequency
What does a shorter wavelength mean
higher frequency
What does quantum theory state if the frequency is low
Energy is low
What does electromagnetic theory state is frequency is low
Wavelength is long
True or False:
Modalities at low electromagnetic frequencies have long wave lengths and low energy are safe to use
True
True or False:
Lower frequency electromagnetic radiation is nonionizing
True
What does nonionizing mean
Cannot break molecular bonds or produce ions
True or False:
Ionizing energies are destructive
True
What are the 5 laws governing the effects of electromagnetic radiation
- Arndt-schultz principle
- Law of Grotthus-Draper
- Cosine Law
- Inverse Square Law
- Bunsen Roscoe Law of Reciprocity
What is Arndt-Schultz principle
In order for a reaction to occur you must impart enough energy
What can happen if too much energy is imparted
Impairment of normal tissue function may occur
What is the Law of Grotthus-Draper
If the energy is not absorbed by the superficial tissue it will penetrate to deeper tissues
What have greater depth of penetration when it comes to sound waves high or low frequency
Low frequency
What is Cosine Law
The maximum amount of absorption of radiant energy occurs when the source is at right angles to the absorbing surface
What is the inverse square law
The intensity of radiation striking the surface varies inversely with the square of the distance from the source
What is the Bunsen Roscoe Law of Reciprocity
The intensity and duration of the dose of radiant energy are inversely proportional
What is the equation for the Bunsen Roscoe Law of Reciprocity
Energy=intensity*time
True or False:
The greater the temperature differential the quicker the transfer of energy
True
How do you increase the amount of energy absorbed by the patient (4)
- Increase treatment time
- Increase treatment intensity
- Lessen the distance of the source of energy
4 Make the source of energy more perpendicular to the absorbing surface
What is iontophoresis
Use of electric currents to push medicine through the skin
What is the frequencies of ultrasound
Above 20KHz
What is the therapeutic range for ultrasound
.75-3.3MHz
What is phonophoresis
Use of sound waves to push medicine through the skin
What are the 3 categories of physical agents (3)
- Thermal
- Mechanical
- Electromagnetic
What are 3 thermal physical agents
- Deep heating
- Superficial heating
- Cooling
What is an example of deep heating, superficial heating, and cooling
- Diathermy
- Hot pack
- Ice massage
What are 4 mechanical physical agents
- Traction
- Compression
- Water
- Sound
What is an example of traction, compression, water, and sound
- Mechanical
- Elastic bandage
- Whirlpool
- Ultrasound
What are 2 electromagnetic physical agents
- Electric currents
2 Electromagnetic fields
What is an example of electric currents and electromagnetic fields
- Interferential
2. Ultraviolet
What is a precaution
Conditions where a particular physical agent should be applied with care or limitations
What is a contraindication
Conditions where the application of a particular physical agent is unsafe or undesirable
What are 5 general contraindications and precautions
- Pregnancy
- Malignancy
- Pacemaker
- Impaired sensation
- Impaired mental status
