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Phys Agents > Motion restrictions and Muscle Tone Abnormalities > Flashcards

Motion restrictions and Muscle Tone Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

What level do modalities work at

A

Impairment level

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2
Q

What is an adhesion

A

Abnormal joining of something to something else that results from disuse and loss of ground substance

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3
Q

What is a contracture

A

Typically forms from fibrosis after an injury

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4
Q

What is intraarticular edema

A

Joint effusion or excessive fluid in a joint capsule

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5
Q

What is extraarticular edema

A

Accumulation of fluid outside a joint

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6
Q

True or False:

Nerves are very haphazardly laid down

A

True

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7
Q

Why are nerves haphazardly laid down

A

So the nerve is able to lengthen without being damaged

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8
Q

What helps extraneural tension more sliders or tensioners

A

Sliders

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9
Q

What helps intraneural tension more sliders or tensioners

A

Tensioners

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10
Q

What does strain counterstrain do

A

De-activates muscle spindle decreasing muscle tone

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11
Q

What does myofascial release do

A

De-activates muscle spindle via functional movement patterns which decreases tone

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12
Q

What activates the golgi tendon organ

A

Slow stretch

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13
Q

What does the golgi tendon organ cause the muscle to do

A

relax

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14
Q

What activates a muscle spindle

A

Fast stretch

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15
Q

What does a muscle spindle cause the muscle to do

A

Contract

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16
Q

When using thermotherapy how much do you want to increase the tissue temperature

A

4C

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17
Q

When an area is numbed electrically can the body perceive new pain

A

No

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18
Q

When an area is numbed using ice can the body perceive new pain

A

Yes

19
Q

At what temperature does the skin start to burn

A

45-47c

20
Q

What type of current do you use for motor nerves

A

AC current

21
Q

What type of current do you use for muscle directly

A

DC current

22
Q

What is flaccidity

A

Total lack of tone or no resistance to passive stretch

23
Q

What can cause flaccidity

A

Motor nerve has been cut or damaged

24
Q

What is hypotonicity

A

Decreased resistance to stretch

25
Q

What is hypertonicity

A

Increased resistance to stretch

26
Q

What are 2 types of hypertonicity

A
  1. Spastic

2. Rigid

27
Q

What is spastic hypertonicity

A

Velocity dependent, quick stretch, flailing motions

28
Q

What is rigid hypertonicity

A

Resistance to stretch not dependent on velocity of stretch

29
Q

What detect tone in muscles

A

Muscle spindles

30
Q

What resets the muscle spindle

A

Gamma motor neuron

31
Q

what does muscle spindles sense

A

Length and velocity of stretch

32
Q

What is clonus

A

Multiple rhythmic oscillations or beat in the resistance of a muscle responding to quick stretch

33
Q

What is a muscle spasm

A

Involuntary contraction of a muscle usually associated with a painful state

34
Q

What is dyskinesia

A

Abnormal movement that is involuntary and has no purpose

35
Q

What causes low tone

A

Loss of normal alpha motor neuron input to normal muscle

36
Q

What causes high tone (2)

A
  1. Peripheral stimulation due to pain, cold, stress

2. Loss of inhibitory control centers in the CNS

37
Q

What is the big consequence of abnormally low tone

A

Poor posture

38
Q

What are the consequences of poor posture (3)

A
  1. Ligaments must perform work of muscles
  2. Appearance changes
  3. Pain
39
Q

What are treatments for low muscle tone (10)

A
  1. Hydrotherapy
  2. Quick ice
  3. E-stim
  4. Biofeedback
  5. Light touch
  6. Tapping
  7. Resistive exercises
  8. ROM exercises
  9. Functional training
  10. Orthotics
40
Q

What are some consequences of abnormally high muscle tone (7)

A
  1. Discomfort or pain
  2. Contractures
  3. Abnormal posture
  4. Skin breakdown
  5. Increased effort by caregivers
  6. Development of specific movement patterns
  7. Inhibit function
41
Q

Treatment for high muscle tone due to pain, cold, stress (8)

A
  1. Remove source
  2. Relaxation techniques
  3. EMG biofeedback
  4. Neutral warmth
  5. Heat
  6. Hydrotherapy
  7. Cold towels
  8. Stimulation of antagonists
42
Q

Treatment for high muscle tone due to spinal cord injury (8)

A
  1. Selective ROM
  2. Prolonged stretch
  3. Positioning
  4. Orthotics
  5. Meds
  6. Surgery
  7. Heat
  8. Prolonged heat
43
Q

Treatment for high muscle tone due to cerebral lesions (8)

A
  1. Prolonged ice
  2. Inhibitory pressure
  3. Prolonged stretch
  4. Inhibitory casting
  5. Positioning
  6. Reeducation of voluntary movement
  7. Soft tissue mobilization to contralateral muscle
  8. General relaxation techniques
44
Q

Treatment for high muscle tone dues to rigidity (8)

A
  1. Positioning
  2. ROM exercises
  3. Orthotics
  4. Serial casting
  5. Heat
  6. Medication
  7. General relaxation techniques
  8. Soft tissue mobilization to contralateral muscle

Phys Agents (19 decks)

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