Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phys Agents > Electrotherapy for Tissue Healing > Flashcards

Electrotherapy for Tissue Healing Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs during the inflammatory stage of wound healing (4)

A
  1. Hemostasis
  2. Phagocytosis
  3. Autolysis
  4. Fibroblast migration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is hemostasis

A

Blood clotting due to platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

Breakdown and elimination of foreign substances and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is autolysis

A

Breakdown of other cellular debris so it can be removed from the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is fibroblast migration

A

Bringing fibroblasts into the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What occurs during the proliferation stage of wound healing (4)

A
  1. Collagen synthesis
  2. Angiogenesis
  3. Epithelialization
  4. Wound contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is angiogenesis

A

Development of new blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What occurs during the maturation stage of healing (2)

A
  1. Collagen lysis

2. Collagen replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is collagen lysis

A

Laying down and breaking apart of collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False:

The 3 stages of wound healing can overlap each other

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the factors that impede wound healing (8)

A
  1. Some systemic medications
  2. Some topical medications
  3. Malnutrition
  4. Prolonged pressure or stretch
  5. Infection
  6. Immunodeficiency
  7. Smoking
  8. Dryness or necrotic tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What should you assess about chronic wounds (4)

A
  1. Size
  2. Description of wound base
  3. Assessment of periwound tissue
  4. Wound drainage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What should you assess about wound size (3)

A
  1. Surface area
  2. Depth
  3. Volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are 4 types of chronic wounds

A
  1. Pressure sores
  2. Arterial insufficiency ulcers
  3. Venous insufficiency ulcers
  4. Diabetic ulcers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a pressure sore

A

Area of local tissue loss due to prolonged tissue compression between boney prominences and external surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the common locations of pressure sores (5)

A
  1. Sacrum
  2. Heels
  3. Ischial tuberosity
  4. Greater trochanter
  5. Malloeli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes a pressure sore

A

Compression of tissues reduces blood perfusion in tissues and produces necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many stages of pressure sores are there

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a stage I pressure sore

A

Non-blanchable erythema of intact skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a stage II pressure sore

A

Partial thickness skin loss to epidermis, dermis, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a stage III pressure sore

A

Full thickness skin loss including damage to subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a stage IV pressure sore

A

Full thickness skin loss with destruction or damage to muscle, bone, or support structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is an arterial insufficiency ulcer

A

Area of local tissue loss due to arterial blood supply deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the common locations of arterial insufficiency ulcers (4)

A
  1. On the foot
  2. Over malleoli
  3. Toe joints
  4. Lateral foot border
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What causes arterial insufficiency ulcers (3)

A
  1. Arteriosclerosis
  2. Arterial occlusion
  3. Arterial disruption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a venous insufficiency ulcer

A

Area of local blood loss due to deficiency in venous drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the common locations of venous insufficiency ulcers (2)

A
  1. Above the ankle

2. Medial lower leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What causes venous insufficiency ulcers (2)

A
  1. Sustained venous hypertension

2. Venous valvular dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a diabetic ulcer

A

Area of local tissue loss due to sensory neuropathy and arterial blood supply deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the common locations for diabetic ulcers (4)

A
  1. Plantar surface of foot
  2. Over the heel
  3. Lateral border of the foot
  4. Plantar surface of metatarsal heads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What causes diabetic ulcers (2)

A
  1. Tissue trauma in insenate tissue

2. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the electrochemical effect at the negative electrode

A

2Na+2H2O to 2NaOH+H2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Is the negative electrode increase acidity or alkalinity

A

Alkalinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the electrochemical effect at the positive electrode

A

2Cl+2H2O to 4HCl+O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Is the positive electrode increase acidity or alkalinity

A

Acidity

36
Q

What is electrokinetic

A

Ionic movement

37
Q

What is an example of electrokinetics

A

Depolarization of an excitable membrane

38
Q

What is the electrothermal effect of electricity

A

Microvibration of charged particles produces heat

39
Q

What is the equation for heat produced electrically

A

H=0.24I^2R*t

40
Q

What does I equal

A

RMSa current

41
Q

What does R equal

A

Impedance of tissue

42
Q

What does t equal

A

Time

43
Q

What causes an increased thermal effect of electricity

A

High RMSa, high skin impedance, and prolonged treatment time

44
Q

What are the physiologic effects of E-stim that benefit wound healing (7)

A
  1. Galvanotaxis
  2. Collagen synthesis
  3. Proliferation of fibroblasts
  4. Angiogenesis and wound microperfusion
  5. Bacterial
  6. Enhanced rate of epithelialization
  7. Enhanced blood flow to the wound
45
Q

What is galvanotaxis

A

The movement of an organism or any of its part in a particular direction in response to an electrical current

46
Q

During the inflammatory stage of wound healing which organisms move because of the electric current and which electrode do they move toward (2)

A
  1. Macrophages: negative

2. Inactive neutrophils: negative

47
Q

During the proliferation stage of wound healing which organisms move because of the electric current and which electrode do they move toward (1)

A
  1. Fibroblasts: positive
48
Q

During the maturation stage of wound healing which organisms move because of the electric current and which electrode do they move toward (3)

A
  1. Myofibroblasts: positive
  2. Keratinocytes: positive
  3. Epidermal: negative
49
Q

What are macrophages, inactive neutrophils, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and keratinocytes used for

A 
Macrophages: phagocytosis
Inactive neutrophils: autolysis
Fibroblasts: collagen formation
Myofibroblasts: wound contraction
Keratinocytes: epithelialization
50
Q

What is the amplitude, treatment duration, treatments per day, and treatment days per week of low intensity DC

A

Amplitude: 200-800 mA
Treatment duration: 1-2 hours
Treatments per day: 1-3
Treatment days per week: 5-7

51
Q

What is low intensity DC

A

Unidirectional flow of current with a low amplitude that continues until you turn of the machine

52
Q

What is the pulse amplitude, pulse duration, pulse frequency, mode, treatment duration, treatments per day, and treatment days per week for high voltage pulsed current (HVPC)

A 
Pulse amplitude: 100-150 V peak
Pulse duration: 100-200 usec
Pulse frequency: 30-130 pps
Mode: Continuous
Treatment duration: 30-60 minutes
Treatments per day: 1-2
Treatment days per week: 5-7
53
Q

What is HVPC

A

Twin peak monophasic pulse

54
Q

True or False:

HVPC is a pair of monophasic spike like waveforms

A

True

55
Q

True or False:

In HVPC there is almost an instantaneous rise followed by exponential decline

A

True

56
Q

What is the pulse amplitude, pulse duration, pulse frequency, mode, treatment duration, treatments per day, and treatment days per week for rectangular monophasic pulsed current (RMPC)

A 
Pulse amplitude: 30-35 mA peak
Pulse duration: 150 usec
Pulse frequency: 64-128 pps
Mode: Continuous
Treatment duration: 30 minutes
Treatments per day: 2
Treatment days per week: 7
57
Q

What is monophasic rectangular pulsed current

A

Unidirectional flow of a finite pulse followed by a rest period

58
Q

What is the pulse amplitude, pulse duration, pulse frequency, mode, treatment duration, treatments per day, and treatment days per week for biphasic pulsed current (rectangular asymmetric)

A 
Pulse amplitude: Strong sensory just below motor threshold
Pulse duration: 100 usec
Pulse frequency: 50 pps
Mode: Continuous
Treatment duration: 30 minutes
Treatments per day: 3
Treatment days per week: 5-7
59
Q

What is the charge of the outside of the skin

A

Negative

60
Q

What is the charge of the inside of the skin

A

Positive

61
Q

What happens to the charge of the inside and outside of the skin with injury

A

Polarity shifts so outside is positive and inside is negative

62
Q

How many protocols are there for wound healing

A

4

63
Q

What is protocol 1

A

Cathode over wound days 1-5

64
Q

What is protocol 2

A

Cathode/anode over wound if infected

65
Q

What does the wound need to be infected with for the cathode to be placed over the wound (2)

A
  1. E coli

2. P aeruginosa

66
Q

What does the wound need to be infected with for the anode to be placed over the wound (1)

A
  1. S aureas
67
Q

What is protocol 3 based on

A

The type of healing the clinician wants to induce

68
Q

What are the 2 types of healing the clinician could want induce caused by

A
  1. Anode

2. Cathode

69
Q

What type of wound healing does the anode induce (1)

A

Attract macrophages and neutrophils to stimulate phagocytosis and autolysis

70
Q

What type of wound healing does the cathode induce (3)

A
  1. Attract fibroblasts to increase granulation tissue
  2. Stimulate myofibroblasts to increase wound contraction
  3. Stimulate keratinocytes to increase rate of re-epithelialization
71
Q

What is protocol 4 based on

A

Electrochemical response in tissues being stimulated

72
Q

What are the 2 types of electrochemical response in tissue being stimulated caused by

A
  1. Cathode

2. Anode

73
Q

What electrochemical response in tissue being stimulated does the cathode induce (3)

A
  1. Solubilize
  2. Liquefy
  3. Soften tissue
74
Q

What electrochemical response in tissue being stimulated does the anode induce (1)

A
  1. Stimulate epithelialization
75
Q

Is the cathode the positive or negative electrode

A

Negative electrode

76
Q

What are the therapeutic effects under the cathode/negative electrode (5)

A
  1. Increased blood flow
  2. Galvanotaxic
  3. Enhances growth of granulation tissue
  4. Induces epidermal cell migration
  5. Antimicrobial
77
Q

What is galvanotaxic

A

Movement of an organism or any of it’s parts in response to to an electric current

78
Q

What is the cathode/negative electrode galvanotaxic for (6)

A
  1. Activated neutrophils
  2. Fibroblasts
  3. Lymphocytes
  4. Plateletes
  5. Mast cells
  6. Keratinocytes
79
Q

Is the anode the positive or negative electrode

A

Positive electrode

80
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of the anode/positive electrode (6)

A
  1. Galvanotaxic
  2. Promoted growth and reorganization of epithelial cells
  3. Decreases mast cells in healin gwounds
  4. Vasoconstriction
  5. Decreased blood flow
  6. Antimicrobial
81
Q

What is the anode/positive electrode galvanotaxic for (3)

A
  1. Macrophages
  2. Epidermal cells
  3. Inactive neutrophils
82
Q

True or False:

Electrotherapy can reduce edema formed with acute injury and inflammation

A

True

83
Q

How does electrotherapy reduce edema formed with acute injury and inflammation

A

Negative pole theories

84
Q

What are the negative pole theories (3)

A
  1. Repel negatively charged serum proteins
  2. Reduce microvessel diameter
  3. Reduce pore size
85
Q

How does the negative pole reducing microvessel diameter decrease edema

A

Reduce the leakage of fluid into the interstitial space

86
Q

What is the waveform of electrotherapy that causes edema reduction

A

HVPC

87
Q

What is the pulse duration, polarity, frequency, on/off time, current amplitude, and treatment time for HVPC for edema reduction

A 
Pulse duration: 40-100 usec
Polarity: Negative
Frequency: 100-200 pps
On/off time (mode): Continuous
Current amplitude: Comfortable sensory
Treatment time: 20-30 minutes

Phys Agents (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions