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Phys Agents > Hydrotherapy and Contrast Baths > Flashcards

Hydrotherapy and Contrast Baths Flashcards

1
Q

What is bouyancy

A

The ability to disperse water to stay afloat

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2
Q

What is Archimedes’ principle

A

An object that is immersed in water experiences an upward thrust equal to the weight of the water displaced

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3
Q

In water are upward or downward movements assisted

A

Upward movements

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4
Q

In water are upward or downward movements resisted

A

Downward movements

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5
Q

What is specific gravity

A

The measure of an objects density in g/cm3

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6
Q

What is the specific gravity of pure water at 4 C

A

1.00 g/cm

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7
Q

If an object has a specific gravity above 1.00 g/cm3 will it float or sink

A

Sink

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8
Q

If an object has a specific gravity below 1.00 g/cm3 will it float or sink

A

Float

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9
Q

What is a person with inflated lungs specific gravity

A

0.974 g/cm3

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10
Q

What is unity

A

Specific gravity of 1.00 g/cm3

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11
Q

What is the center of bouyancy

A

Reference point that only pertains to that segment of the body immersed in water

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12
Q

Is the rotary component of gravity compressive or distractive

A

Distractive

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13
Q

IS the rotary component of bouyancy compressive or distractive

A

Compressive

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14
Q

Where is the center of bouyancy applied

A

The center of mass of the object

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15
Q

What does changing the center of bouyancy do

A

Changes the MA of the exercise

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16
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure exerted by the water on the immersed part

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17
Q

What is Pascal’s Law

A

When an object is immersed in a fluid at rest the fluid will exert equal pressure on all surfaces of the object

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18
Q

What happens to hydrostatic pressure as you go deeper into the water

A

It increases

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19
Q

Is it easier or harder to breath the deeper you go

A

Harder because the hydrostatic pressure is higher

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20
Q

After 18 feet of diving while scuba diving do you have to do

A

Pause to let the body equalize the pressure

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21
Q

What movement speed causes less and more resistance in water

A

More: Moving faster
Less: Moving slower

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22
Q

What is viscosity

A

The degree to which a fluid resists flow

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23
Q

What is viscosity due to

A

The cohesive forces present between molecules

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24
Q

True or False:

The viscosity of water tends to resist movement in all directions

A

True

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25
Q

How does increasing the temperature effect viscosity

A

It decreases viscosity by relaxing the cohesive forces of the molecules

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26
Q

What temperature what is easier and harder for exercising

A

Easier: Warmer water
Harder: Colder water

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27
Q

What are the physiological effects of hydrotherapy (6)

A
  1. Cleansing effects
  2. Musculoskeletal effects
  3. Cardiovascular effects
  4. Respiratory effects
  5. Renal effects
  6. Psychological effects
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28
Q

What are the cleansing effects of hydrotherapy (5)

A
  1. Treatment of open wounds
  2. Pressure
  3. Debriding agent
  4. Cleansing agent
  5. Can add products to water to improve cleansing power
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29
Q

How does the pressure effect cleansing

A

Softens and removes debris

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30
Q

How does a debriding agent effect cleansing

A

Removes endogenous agents

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31
Q

How does a cleansing agent effect cleansing

A

Remove exogenous waste

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32
Q

What are the products you can add to water to improve cleansing power (2)

A
  1. Antimicrobials

2. Surfactants

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33
Q

What do surfactants do

A

Decrease surface tension

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34
Q

What is nonimmersion cleansing (2)

A
  1. Water picks

2. Lavage

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35
Q

What are the musculoskeletal effects of hydrotherapy (4)

A
  1. Decreased weight bearing
  2. Strengthening
  3. Slowed bone density loss
  4. Less fat loss than with other forms of exercise
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36
Q

Why is there less fat loss with hydrotherapy

A

Due to the decreased resistance

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37
Q

What are the cardiovascular effects of hydrotherapy (1)

A
  1. Increased venous circulation
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38
Q

What does increasing the venous circulation do (3)

A
  1. Increases cardiac volume
  2. Increases cardiac output
  3. Decreased heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and VO2 respone to exercise
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39
Q

What are the respiratory effects of hydrotherapy (3)

A
  1. Decreased vital capcity
  2. Increased work of breathing
  3. Decreased exercise induced asthma
40
Q

What are the renal effects of hydrotherapy (2)

A
  1. Diuresis

2. Increased sodium and potassium excretion

41
Q

What is diuresis

A

Increased production of urine

42
Q

What are the psychological effects of hydrotherapy (2)

A
  1. Relaxation

2. Invigoration

43
Q

What temperature creates relaxation and invigoration

A

Relaxation: Warmer water
Invigoration: Cold water

44
Q

What are the indications for hydrotherapy (5)

A
  1. Subacute/chronic soft tissue injuries
  2. Shortened tissues, contractures, and scars
  3. Arthritis
  4. Open wounds
  5. Muscle weakness
45
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of hydrotherapy for subacute/chronic soft tissue injuries (5)

A
  1. Decreases swelling
  2. Hastens healing
  3. Decreases pain/spasm
  4. Increases ROM
  5. Increases strength
46
Q

What property of water decreases swelling, hastens healing, decreases pain/spasm, increases ROM, and increases strength

A
  1. Decreases swelling= Pressure
  2. Hastens healing= Thermal
  3. Decreases pain/spasm= Thermal
  4. Increases ROM= Bouyancy and thermal
  5. Increases strength= Bouyancy and pressure
47
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of hydrotherapy for shortened tissues, contractures, and scars (3)

A
  1. Causes relaxation
  2. Increases extensibility of nonelastic tissues
  3. Softens scar tissue
48
Q

What property of water causes relaxation, increases extensibility of nonelastic tissues, and softens scar tissue

A
  1. Causes relaxation= Thermal and psychological
  2. Increases extensibility of nonelastic tissues= Thermal
  3. Softens scar tissue= Fluidity and thermal
49
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of hydrotherapy for arthritis (3)

A
  1. Increased joint mobility
  2. Decreased pain
  3. Increases ROM
50
Q

What property of water causes increased joint mobility, decreased pain, and increases ROM

A

Thermal and bouyancy for all 3

51
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of hydrotherapy for open wounds (2)

A
  1. Cleanses and debrides

2. Increases circulation

52
Q

What property of water causes cleansing and debridement and increases circulation

A
  1. Cleanses and debrides= Fluidity and pressure

2. Increases circulation= Thermal and pressure

53
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of hydrotherapy for muscle weakness (2)

A
  1. Increased ROM

2. Increased strength

54
Q

What property of water causes increased ROM and increased strength

A
  1. Increased ROM= Bouyancy and anti-bouyancy

2. Increased strength= Pressure

55
Q

What are the contraindications for hydrotherapy (6)

A
  1. Cardiac dysfunction
  2. Respiratory dysfunction
  3. Decreased thermal sensation
  4. severe PVD diabetic arterial sclerosis
  5. Surface infections
  6. Acute rheumatoid arthritis
56
Q

What is the rationale for not using hydrotherapy for cardiac dysfunction

A

Heart cannot adapt to changes needed for thermal homeostasis adjustment

57
Q

What is the rationale for not using hydrotherapy for respiratory dysfunction

A

Inability to resist hydrostatic pressure, tolerate heat, or both

58
Q

What is the rationale for not using hydrotherapy for decreased thermal sensation

A

Inability to report overheatting or overcooling

59
Q

What is the rationale for not using hydrotherapy for severe PVD diabetic, arterial sclerosis

A

Contraindications for heat avoid temps above 95 F

60
Q

What is the rationale for not using hydrotherapy for surface infections

A

Infections may spread to other areas or cross contaminate via water

61
Q

What is the rationale for not using hydrotherapy for acute rheumatoid arthritis

A

Contraindications for heat

62
Q

True or False:

Contrast baths are a form of infrared modality emitting electromagnetic radiation

A

True

63
Q

Are contrast baths used for superficial or deep heating and cooling

A

Superficial

64
Q

What is the maximum depth of penetration of heating and cooling

A

1 cm

65
Q

Contrast baths use which type of heat transfer

A

Conduction

66
Q

What is a contrast bath

A

Immersion of a part of the body into baths in which the temperature of the water alternates between warm and cold

67
Q

What is the primary goal of contrast baths

A

Vascular exercise

68
Q

What is another potential goal of contrast baths

A

May promote pain relief and desensitization

69
Q

How is a contrast bath a vascular exercise

A

Alternate dilation and constriction of local blood vessels

70
Q

True or False:

Contrast baths stimulate peripheral circulation which may stimulate the healing process in damaged tissues

A

True

71
Q

What are the physiologic responses to contrast baths (2)

A
  1. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation of superficial blood flow
  2. Edema is decreased
72
Q

What are the indications for contrast baths (5)

A
  1. Impaired venous circulation
  2. Subacute or chronic traumatic and inflammatory conditions
  3. Chronic edema
  4. Sinus or congestive headaches
  5. Hypersensitivity due to reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
73
Q

True or False:

Contrast baths may be used during the transition period between acute and subacute

A

True

74
Q

What are the contraindications of contrast baths

A

The same as hot and cold therapy

75
Q

True or False:

Whirlpools are a form of infrared modality emitting electromagnetic radiation

A

True

76
Q

Are whirlpools used for superficial or deep heating and cooling

A

Superficial heating and cooling

77
Q

What is the depth of penetration for whirlpools

A

1 cm

78
Q

What type of heat transfer does whirlpool use (2)

A
  1. Conduction

2. Convection

79
Q

True or False:

Whirlpools are a mechanical modality used for debriding open wounds

A

True

80
Q

What is a whirlpool

A

A tub of water which is agitated by an electric turbine made of stainless steel or acrylic material that comes in many shapes and size which is used for heating

81
Q

What are the types of whirlpools (2)

A
  1. Extremity tanks

2. High-body and low-body tanks

82
Q

What is an extremity tank used for

A

Immersing distal extremity

83
Q

What is a high-body and low-body tank used for

A

Immersing larger body parts of the extremities as well as immersion up to the waist

84
Q

What are the therapeutic goals for whirlpool (5)

A
  1. To debride open wounds
  2. Same as for those of other superficial heating modalities
  3. Same as for those of other superficial cooling modalities
  4. To provide a medium for therapeutic exercise
  5. To reduce pain
85
Q

What are the physiologic effects of whirlpools (3)

A
  1. Increases hydrostatic pressure
  2. Moistens and softens tissue for debridement
  3. Agitation effects
86
Q

What are the agitation effects of whirlpools (5)

A
  1. Provide phasic stimuli to skin afferents
  2. Increase hydrostatic pressure further
  3. Provide a means of grading exercise
  4. Decrease the thermal gradients within the water
  5. Remove debris and necrotic tissue and decrease bacterial load
87
Q

What are the indications for whirlpool (4)

A
  1. Infected/dirty open wounds
  2. Subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions
  3. Early peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
  4. Muscle weakness
88
Q

What are the contraindications for whirlpool (2)

A
  1. Same as for other superficial heating or cooling modalities
  2. Venous stasis ulcers
89
Q

What are the cautions of whirlpool (3)

A
  1. Be certain that the whirlpool is plugged into an outlet that is protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)
  2. When using a warm whirlpool for large body area, monitor for signs of faintness or fever
  3. Monitor for signs of patient becoming seasick from the motion of the water
90
Q

How do you combat seasickness

A

Drape a sheet over the whirlpool

91
Q

What temp is very hot

A

40-43.5

92
Q

What temp is hot

A

37-40

93
Q

What temp is warm

A

35.5-37

94
Q

What temp is neutral

A

33.5-35.5

95
Q

What temp is tepid

A

27-33.5

96
Q

What is a hubbard tank

A

A butterfly shaped whirlpool designed so that a patient may be immersed in a recumbent position

97
Q

What is the goal of a hubbard tank

A

Deliver heat or cold to a large portion of the body to allow for “un-weighted” exercise

Phys Agents (19 decks)

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