Electrotherapy for Iontophoresis Flashcards
Who used electromotive force to move ions through skin and when
Pivati 1747
Fabre-Palaprat 1833
True or False:
Ionized medication must be placed under electrode of the same charge
True
What is the mechanism of topical drug delivery without iontophoresis
Passive diffusion
What is the stratum corneum
Outer most layer of skin
True or False:
The stratum corneum limits the drug diffusion rate through the skin
True
How does a topical drug get into the blood stream
The medicinal molecules permeate the dermis and are absorbed into the blood stream via the capillaries
What is iontophoresis
The introduction of medicinal ions into the body tissues by means of a low voltage direct electromotive force (DC current)
How does iontophoresis occur
By the direct electrostatic repulsion of an ion by a similarly charged electrode
What causes the medication to get into the body
The permeability of the stratum corneum is increased
What is electroporation
Temporary production of water soluble pores in the skin
What is electroosmosis
As water is carried through the skin it can carry other objects dissolved in it along with it
True or False:
DC current produces a buildup of ions under the electrodes producing chemical reaction and altering skin pH
True
What builds up under the negative electrode during iontophoresis and what type of reaction does it cause
Sodium hydroxide (+ions) alkaline reaction
What builds up under the positive electrode during iontophoresis and what type of reaction does it cause
Hydrochloric acid (-ions) acidic reaction
How do you minimize these reactions
Decrease current density
True or False:
In ionotphoresis the electrodes are generally buffered to keep pH in a specific region
True
What is the dosage of iontophoresis measured in
mA.minutes
How do you determine the dosage of iontophoresis
Amplitude*duration
True or False:
The dosage depends upon the specific electrode being used
True
What did Delacerda determine was the drug delivery range for iontophoresis
40-80 mA.minutes
What do most manufacturers recommend for the dosage of iontophoresis
40 mA.minutes