Inflammation and Healing Process Flashcards
What are the 4 phases of injury and repair
- Hemostasis
- Inflammatory phase
- Proliferation phase
- Maturation phase
When does hemostasis occur
Immediately after injury
How long does the inflammatory phase last
1-6 days
How long does the proliferation phase last
3-20 days
How long does the maturation phase last
Day 9 and on
What is diapedesis
Squeezing through vessel walls
What is blood accumulated in tissue
Hematoma
What is blood accumulated in a joint
Hemarthrosis
What is the equation for capillary filtration pressure (CFP)
CFP=(CHP+TOP)-(THP+COP)
What is CHP
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
What is COP
Capillary osmotic pressure
What is hydrostatic pressure
Pressure exerted by a column of water
What is osmotic pressure
Pressure resulting from attraction f fluid by free proteins
Does hydrostatic pressure pull or push water
Pushes water
Does osmotic pressure pull or push water
Pulls water
What are the 3 polymorphonuclear leukocytes
- Neutrophils
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
When are polymorphonuclear leukocytes released
The first 24 hours
What do neutrophils do
Phagocytosis and release protease and collagenase
What do basophils do
Release histamine and increase vascular permeability
What do eosinophils do
Phagocytosis
What are the 2 mononuclear leukocytes
- Monocytes
2. Lymphocytes
When are the mononuclear leukocytes released
Hours 24-48
What are monocytes converted to
Converted to macrophages, collagenase, fribronectin, hydrogenperoxide, ascorbic acid, and lactic acid
When are monocytes most effective
In O2 rich environment
What do lymphocytes do
Supply antibodies
What do B lymphocytes do
Release antibodies into the bloodstream
What do T lymphocytes do
Assist B cells in regulation of cloning
What does hypoxia do (4)
- Switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism
- Decreases ATP production
- Decreases cell membrane function
- Increase cellular acidosis
How does hypoxia affect cell membrane function (3)
- Na pump slows or stops
- [Na] in cell increases
- [H2O] increases, cell swells, bursts
What is the process of making collagen from fibroblasts (6)
- Fibroblasts
- Procollagen
- Tropocollagen
- Collagen fibrils
- Collagen filaments
- Collagen fibers
What is granulation tissue
Tissue composed of capillaries, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts
What type of collagen is initially formed
Type III
When does type III collagen begin to be replaced by type I collagen
By day 12
When do the edges of the wound start to pull together
5 days after injury
How long does it take the wound to close in muscle or skin
5-8 days
How long does it take the wound to close in ligament or tendon
3-6 weeks
What is angiogenesis
Growth of new blood vessels
What does the scar tissue remaining redder than the surrounding tissue mean
The scar tissue is still remodeling
What is the induction theory of collagen fiber orientation
Scars attempt to mimic characteristics of injured tissue
What is the tension theory of collagen fiber orientation
Internal and external stresses applied during the maturation phase determine the final tissue structure
What is regeneration
Restoration of the tissue that is identical to the injured tissue
What is repair
Fibrous scar formation and structural and functional properties of injured tissue altered
What is ideal healing
Normal structure, function, and appearance
What is acceptable healing
Almost normal structure and appearance but less than optimal function
What is minimal healing
Some normal structure, function, appearance
What is failed healing
Abnormal structure, function, and appearance
Where does a grade I and II articular cartilage tear occur
Superficial layers of cartilage
Where does a grade III articular cartilage tear occur
Near the subchondral bone
What does ice do
Limits secondary injury
How does ice limit secondary injury (2)
Metabolically or chemically
How does ice prevent secondary injury chemically
Limits permeability thus leakage of protein rich fluid into the tissue decreases
How does ice prevent secondary injury metabolically
Causes O2 debt leads to anaerobic metabolism, which is slower than aerobic metabolism
What does compression do (3)
- Increase external capillary pressure
- Decrease CFP
- Decreases edema formation
What does elevation do
Decreases capillary hydrostatic pressure
What does protection/stabilization do (2)
- Allows muscle to relax
2. Reduces pain and neural inhibition
