Thermotherapy Flashcards
True or False:
Humans are hemotherms
True
What does being a hemotherm mean
We are able to maintain our core temperature at a constant temp
What is the normal core temperature
98.6
What is diunral changes
Lower core temp in the am vs pm
True of False:
Older people tend to have lower core temperatures
True
What is the outside of the body referred to as
The shell
What is heat
Energy in transit from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object
What type of energy is kinetic energy
Thermal energy
True or False:
Thermal potential energy remains constant so long as the phase of matter does not change
True
True or False:
Once water hits 32 the temperature remains the same until all of the water is frozen or melted
True
What is latent heat of fusion
The amount of heat required to convert a certain unit of a solid into a similar unit of a liquid without changing temperature
True or False:
A gel pack is able to withdraw more heat from the body compared to an ice pack
False
Why does an ice pack remove more heat than a gel pack even if the gel pack is colder
Due to the phase change of the ice pack
What temperature is considered extremely cold
32-55 F
1-13 C
What temperature is considered cold
55-65 F
13-18 C
What temperature is considered cool
65-80 F
18-27 C
What temperature is considered tepid
80-92 F
27-33.5 C
What temperature is considered neutral
92-96 F
33.5-35.5 C
What temperature is considered warm
96-98 F
35.5-36.5 C
What temperature is considered hot
98-104 F
36.5-40.0 C
What temperature is considered extremely hot
104-113 F
40-46 C
What is maximum tolerance
113-115 F
45-46 C
What is the first law of thermodynamics
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed it can only change from one state to another
What is specific heat
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a given material by 1 C
Specific heat can be seen as an objects ability to what
Store heat
What does a higher specific heat mean
It can store a higher amount of heat
How long does it take for a hot pack to heat up again
30 minutes
What is conduction
The exchange of energy between 2 materials at different temperatures due to the direct collision between molecules
When does heat transfer stop
When the molecular movements of both objects is the same speed
What does the rate of heat transfer (ROHT) by conduction depend on (4)
- Temperature difference between materials
- Their thermal conductivity (ability to transmit heat
- The area in contact
- Tissue thickness
What temperature is the water that the hot packs are kept in
155-165 F
What is convection
The transfer of heat as the result of direct contact between a circulating medium and another material of a different temperature
In convection heat transfer is the thermal agent in constant motion or static
Constant motion
Examples of convection heat transfer (5)
- Whirlpool
- Fluidtherapy
- Blood
- Oven
- Central air
What is conversion
Converting a non thermal form of energy into heat
What are the 2 types of conversion heat transfer
Mechanical and chemical
Examples of mechanical conversion heat transfer (2)
Ultrasound and friction
Examples of chemical conversion heat transfer (1)
Acid on metal
In conversion heat transfer what does the ROHT depend on
Power of the energy source
Does conversion heat transfer require direct contact
No
What is radiation heat transfer
Direct transfer of energy without direct contact or intervening medium
What does the rate of temperature increase depend on for radiation heat transfer (5)
- Intensity of radiation
- Relative size of the radiation source
- Relative size of the radiated area
- the distance of the source to the target tissue
- The angle of the radiation source to the target tissue
True or False:
A material must absorb energy before it can evaporate
True
What is thermotherapy
The therapeutic application of heat
How is thermotherapy used in rehabilitation (4)
- Hemodynamic effects
- Neuromuscular effects
- Metabolic effects
- Altered tissue extensibility
What is hemodynamics
What is happening within the bloodstream
What does thermotherapy do to blood vessels
Causes vasodilation which increases blood flow