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1. SBA > ulcers > Flashcards

ulcers Flashcards

1
Q

Why do ulcers occur?

A

Due to a break in the epithelium, exposing the underlying connective tissue.

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2
Q

What is the difference between a primary and secondary ulcer?

A

Primary ulcers occur on their own whereas secondary ulcers occur as vesicles which then rupture to form ulcers.

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3
Q

What are 6 common causes of ulcers?

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Malignancies
  3. RAS
  4. GI Disorders
  5. Drug-Induced
  6. Irradiation
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4
Q

What kind of medication can cause traumatic ulcers?

A

Aspirin

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5
Q

How would you manage a traumatic ulcer?

A

Remove the cause and review within 2 weeks to ensure healing.

Advise warm salty mouth rinses, difflam or corsodyl to help with healing.

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6
Q

What would be the most common signs of a malignant ulcer?

A
  • Non-healing ulcer present for over 2 weeks.
  • Painless
  • Irregular Border
  • Predisposing RMH (smoking/alcohol)
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7
Q

Where are 3 common locations for an oral malignancy?

A
  1. Lateral Borders of the Tongue
  2. Soft Palate
  3. Retromolar Pad
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8
Q

How would you manage a malignant ulcer?

A

By reviewing in 2 weeks - if this hasn’t healed, URGENT REF.

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9
Q

What are the 7 principle causes of oral ulceration?

A
  1. Trauma
  2. RAS
  3. Microbial Infections
  4. Mucotaneous Diseases
  5. Systemic Disorders
  6. Drug Therapy
  7. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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10
Q

Aetiology of traumatic ulcers?

(causes)

A
  1. Physical (mechanical, thermal, electrical).
  2. Chemical Trauma (aspirin or toothache remedies put directly onto oral mucosa.
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11
Q

Clinical features of a traumatic ulcer:

A
  1. Sore
  2. Painful to touch.
  3. Irregular borders with erythematous margins and a yellow base.
  4. Keratotic halo developed during the healing phase.
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12
Q

Treatment for traumatic ulcers.

A
  1. Removal of the suspected cause.
  2. Use of antiseptic mouthwash (0.2% chlorhexidine).
  3. Covering agent such as orabase or oragel (benzocaine).
  4. Review - if still present after 10-14 days, refer to oral med for biopsy.

biopsy to exclude SCC

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13
Q

When should a traumatic ulcer be reviewed and what should you do if still present?

A

10-14 days and refer to oral med to exclude SCC.

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14
Q

Most common form of RAS:

A

Minor RAS.

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15
Q

Which type of RAS is being described:

1-5 ulcers usually seen on buccal and labial mucosa, floor of the mouth or tongue.
Usually presents in clusters more anteriorly.

A

Minor RAS

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16
Q

Describe Minor RAS in terms of size, number, appearance and duration.

A
  • most common form of RAS
  • oval and flat ulcer with an erythematous border
  • 2-4mm in size
  • 1-6 ulcers

Last 7-10 days and reoccur at intervals of 1-4 months.

17
Q

Describe Major RAS in terms of size, number, appearance and duration.

A
  • round oval ulcers
  • greater than 1cm in size
  • 1-5 ulcers
  • heal with scarring

Last 10-40 days and reoccur frequently.

18
Q

Describe Herpetiform RAS in terms of size, number, appearance and duration.

A
  • 50 + present
  • 1-3mm
  • increase in size and then coalesce

Last 10 days

19
Q

Management of RAS

A
  1. chlorhexidine mouthwash
  2. topical corticosteroids (prednesol)
  3. topical anaesthetic agents
  4. carbenoxolone
20
Q

Causes of a persistent solitary ulcer.

A
  • trauma
  • malignancy (rolled edges, contact bleeding)
  • infection (herpes, chickenpox, inflammatory bowel disease)
  • adverse drug reaction (nicorandil for angina)
21
Q

Causes of a single episode of multiple ulcers.

A
  • viral infections (herpetic gingivostomatitis, herpes labialis)
  • erythema multiforme (hypersensitivity dermatological reaction)
22
Q

A 50 year old man presents with multiple crusting lesions and ulcers on the LHS of his face. He noticed a tingling sensation beforehand and the rash has been present for a week.
Which virus is the potential cause?

A

Herpes Zoster

1. SBA (30 decks)

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