UI and incontinence

Question 1

UI

Answer 1

involuntary leakage of urine

Question 2

What % of adults have UI?

Answer 2

35-45%

Question 3

What are the residual, first urge and strong urge urine volumes?

Answer 3

50, 120-250, 300-400

Question 4

What muscles relax and which contract during urination

Answer 4

sphincter relax and detrusor contract

Question 5

Is UI more common in men or women?

Answer 5

women, 40% over 70 have

Question 6

Which is not one of the 4 geriatric giants named by WHO
- UI
- depression
- arthritis
- dementia
- falls

Answer 6

arthritis

Question 7

What are the WHO recommendations for UI

Answer 7

regular screening and conservative interventions

Question 8

Stress UI

Answer 8

inadequate urethral closure to overcome bladder pressure

Question 9

Urgency UI

Answer 9

premature bladder contraction

Question 10

Overflow UI

Answer 10

from an obstruction or poor emptying

Question 11

What pressure increase commonly causes stress UI?

Answer 11

intrabdominal, from coughing, sneezing or laughing

Question 12

Is SUI a neurological or mechanical problem

Answer 12

Mechanical

Question 13

What are the 3Cs of SUI etiology?

Answer 13

• Coaption: mucosal lining of uretheral seal
• contraction: urethral sphincter & levator ani
• compression: passively, between pubis and vagina

Question 14

Which is not a risk factor for SUI
- pregnancy and birth
- chronic coughing
- obesity
- high impact PA
- kidney stones

Answer 14

not kidney stones, prostate cancer

Question 15

Is UUI a neurological or mechanical error?

Answer 15

Neurological (communication error)

Question 16

Which is not a common neural issue leading to UUI?
- MS
- Brain lesions (tumor/stroke)
- concussions
- idiopathic (unknown)

Answer 16

• concussions

Question 17

What normally suppresses urge to urinate?

Answer 17

micturition centers in brain

Question 18

What communication is not delayed/lost with age, leading to UUI?
- first fill sensation
- first urge sensation
- first strong urge sensation
- first thirst sensation

Answer 18

• thirst

Question 19

What is OAB? Which UI is it?

Answer 19

clinical UUI syndrome, overactive bladder

Question 20

T/F Nocturia is a symptom of OAB
- there are various pathological causes of OAB

Answer 20

T
F - no other pathological cause

Question 21

What mitigates SUI and UUI

Answer 21

PA

Question 22

Can UUI and SUI be comorbid?

Answer 22

Yes, called MUI

Question 23

Do men or women get overflow UI more?

Answer 23

men

Question 24

(T/F) With overflow UI, there are stream difficulties but no leakage while sleeping

Answer 24

false, there is leakage while sleeping

Question 25

what are some examples of blockages

Answer 25

bladder stone, urethral tumor, narrow urethra, BPH (prostate)/cancer

Question 26

How do you treat overflow UIs?

Answer 26

medical intervention for the underlying cause

Question 27

functional incontinence

Answer 27

cognitive or physical impairments prevent reaching restroom

Question 28

which is not a cause of functional incontinence - dementia and mental illness - MSK and neurological issues - chronic coughing and obesity - polypharmacy and falls

Answer 28

chronic coughing and obesity are factors for SUI

Question 29

Where are the pelvic floor muscles

Answer 29

@ base of pelvis, from symphysis to coccyx

Question 30

What is not a PFM muscle role - supports organs - assists continence - supports core posture - sexual function

Answer 30

does not support posture

Question 31

Can PFMs be strengthened

Answer 31

yes, and weakened

Question 32

what is not a cause of dysfunctional PFM weakness - lack of sexual intercourse - injury such as birth - repeated stress such as running - SUI

Answer 32

- lack of intercourse not a cause

Question 33

which is not associated with dysfunctional PFM overactivity - over-relaxation - UUI - painful intercourse - lack of relaxation

Answer 33

- over-relaxation

Question 34

What are some strategies for healthy PFMs

Answer 34

exercise and behavioural inervention

Question 35

what PFM exercises help with SUIs

Answer 35

kegel and knack exercises

Question 36

In pregnancy, how can you prevent SUI occurrence

Answer 36

training PFMs early on

Question 37

How does strengthening PFMs help treat UUIs

Answer 37

contraction inhibits detrusor and normalizes tonic PFM activation