Cellular aspects of aging Flashcards
Which is not a criteria for aging hallmarks
- manifests in normal aging
- not affected by environmental factors
- aggravation accelerates aging
- intervention slows aging
- can be affected by environment but not one of the 3 criteria
Do hallmarks contribute to mortality and aging phenotype?
yes
Which is not an example of the genomic instability hallmark
- mutations
- ROS
- DNA and mtDNA damage
- mito damage
not mito damage, telomere damage
Do endogenous or exogenous factors cause genomic instability (i.e. genome alterations)
both
Which is false telomere attrition
- it is the shortening of telomeres
- it involves the mutation of DNA
- pathological dysfunction accelerates aging
- protecting telomeres has been shown to slow aging in mice
- does not involve DNA mutation
What directly impinges on the regulation of telomere length?
epigenetic alterations
Which is not an example of epigenetic alterations
- histone modifications
- DNA myelination
- chromatin remodeling
- telomere shortening
can lead to telomere shortening but does not include it
Proteostasis
degradation of protein in cells, affects folding and biogenesis
What type of nutrient signalling can increase aging?
anabolic
what hallmark does caloric restriction leading to slower aging help prove
nutrient signalling
How does senescence contribute to aging
increased senescent cells affect secretory profile
Which is false of the aging hallmark of stem cell exhaustion
- loss of new stem cells or satellite cells
- can lead to anemia
- can lead to osteoarthritis
- decreased tissue repair
OP not OA
Which does the aging hallmark of altered intracellular communication NOT result in
- muscle atrophy
- neuroendocrine dysfunction
- inflammaging
- immunosenescnence
atrophy
How does caloric restriction slow aging
shows changes in biomarkers of aging, related to increased mito function (shown in worms)
What happened when young stem cells were transplanted into older mice
lifespan extended
pluripotent
cells that can differentiate into different tissues
parabiosis
transplant of old stem cells to young mice shortened lifespan
iPS
induced pluripotent stem cells, eliminate need for fetal tissue for research
What is telomerase associated with
cancer
does telomerase extend the lifespan
no, but it slows rate of aging
Is there evidence for GH therapy
no
what may be the negative effects of GH therapy
cancer or altered nutrition signalling
antioxidants
combat ROS formation
Which of the following about anti-oxidants is false
- too much acts as pro-oxidation
- we need some ROS to function, so too many anti-oxidants is bad
- too much can cause cancer
- anti-oxidants are helpful in both healthy states and pathological states
- only helpful in pathological states
