Balance control

Question 1

% people 65+ who have 1 fall per year

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

how many falls result in serious injury?

Answer 2

1/5

Question 3

% of falls that require medical help

Answer 3

10%

Question 4

which injury is associated with risk of mortality

Answer 4

hip fracture

Question 5

Which of the following is not a fall injury risk factor
- chronic health conditions
- being female
- environment
- gait/balance disorders

Answer 5

being female is not a risk factor

Question 6

Fall mitigation strategies are effective in reducing falls, such as…

Answer 6

PA that targets modifiable biological risk factors

Question 7

How does the CNS control gait? what happens if they fail?

Answer 7

afferent sensorimotor reception and efferent neuromotor response. failure = fall

Question 8

how does obstacle avoidance use sensory info

Answer 8

to perceive object and modify gait

Question 9

T/F - no two falls are the same
- falls are multifactorial
- knowing risk factors does not affect prevention
- biological risk factors are intrinsic and not affecting by aging

Answer 9

T, T, F - allows framework for prevention, F - normal with aging

Question 10

Which chronic conditions are considered risk factors for falls

Answer 10

Diabetes and stroke

Question 11

T/F - cognitive decline increase fall risk x8
- fall risk increases x2 if low ADL or sit-stand score
- behavioural actions cannot be changed

Answer 11

T, T, F - they can be changed, and inlcude choices and actions

Question 12

What is the strongest predictor of future falls

Answer 12

history of falls

Question 13

Which of the following is not a behavioural risk factor of falls
- medication
- improper use of assistive devices
- dementia
- fear of falling

Answer 13

• dementia is biological

Question 14

how is socioeconomics a fall risk factor

Answer 14

lower status = higher risk, falls lead to decreased life space mobility

Question 15

Environment accounts for %% of falls

Answer 15

30%

Question 16

Which of the following is not a screening question for falls that would lead to assessment
- are you unsteady when walking?
- are you able to stand without help?
- do you worry about falls?
- have you fallen in the past year?

Answer 16

2nd one

Question 17

Which of the following is not an assessment for falls
- Gait (timed up & go)
- meds and footwear
- vision and balance
- grip strength and body mass

Answer 17

• grip strength and body mass

Question 18

What is the most successful intervention for falls

Answer 18

multifactorial intervention for multiple risk factors

Question 19

T/F community based and hospital-based fall intervention programs are fully supported by research

Answer 19

F - needs more research

Question 20

Exercises help reduce falls %%

Answer 20

23%

Question 21

Which of the following is not a recommendation for fall intervention PA programs
- strengthen legs and work on balance
- functional training and stretching are recommended
- do exercises 2x / week for at least 1 year
- mix cardio and resistance training

Answer 21

• exercises only need to be done for 6 months to see benefits