Inflammation

Question 1

What is not a role of the immune system
- maintain electrolyte balance
- disease protection
- detection of pathogens and immunogens
- differentiate self vs not

Answer 1

not electrolytes

Question 2

pathogen

Answer 2

virus or bacteria

Question 3

immunogen

Answer 3

pathogen, tumor, allergen

Question 4

Innate immunity:
acquired/natural
non-adaptive/specific
fast acting/slow
long-lived/robust

Answer 4

natural, nonadaptive, fast acting and robust

Question 5

physical innate immune system

Answer 5

skin and mucosal linings

Question 6

which is not a part of the chemical innate immune system
- pH
- compliment system
- mucosal linings
- acute phase proteins

Answer 6

not mucosal linings
SIDE NOTE: complement system (proteins that help antibodies and phagocytes), acute phase proteins (humoral, mediate inflammation)

Question 7

what cell mediates innate inflammation

Answer 7

Leukocytes (WBC)

Question 8

What cells contribute to inflammation

Answer 8

mast cells, phagocytes –> macrophages, NKs, dendritic cells

Question 9

adaptive immunity:
acquired/natural
specific/non-adaptive
fast acting/slow
robust/long lived

Answer 9

acquired, specific, slow and long-lived

Question 10

Which one is not a part of humoral adaptive immunity
- antibodies
- memory
- B-cells
- skin

Answer 10

Skin is innate, not humoral

Question 11

Cell-mediated adaptive immunity consists of what cells?

Answer 11

T-cells (toxic), B-cells (create antibodies)

Question 12

What is required for cell-mediated adaptive immunity

Answer 12

lymphocytes or cells

Question 13

which immune system is specific to the antigen

Answer 13

adaptive

Question 14

which immune system creates cytokines

Answer 14

both innate and adaptive

Question 15

which immune system has cell-mediated inflammation

Answer 15

innate

Question 16

which immune system uses skin, pH and NKs

Answer 16

innate

Question 17

which immune system uses B-cells and T-cells

Answer 17

adaptive

Question 18

what do viruses need to replicate

Answer 18

a living cell

Question 19

what do vaccines do

Answer 19

prepare immune system, preventing severity

Question 20

what do boosters do

Answer 20

remind B-cells of anitobodies

Question 21

adverse event

Answer 21

a medical occurrence in a clinical trial, not necessarily causal

Question 22

immunocompromised

Answer 22

immune system takes longer to fight off pathogens and immunogens

Question 23

cytokines

Answer 23

polypeptides involved in communication, regulate cellular function

Question 24

what is not one of the 3 major classes of cytokines
- immunogens
- interleukins
- interferons
- TNF

Answer 24

• immunogens

Question 25

interleukins

Answer 25

mediate inflammation, regulate immune function

Question 26

interferons

Answer 26

interfere with replication of viruses

Question 27

tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

Answer 27

mediates responses

Question 28

immunosenescence

Answer 28

age related changes in the immune system

Question 29

inflammaging

Answer 29

consistent low grade inflammation

Question 30

is inflammaging:
progressive/sudden
chronic/temporary
clinical/subclinical

Answer 30

progressive, chronic and sub-clinical

Question 31

how does immunosenescence affect coping with stressors

Answer 31

overall decrease in ability to cope

Question 32

immunosenescence does not increase the risk of what diseases?
- alzheimer’s and dementia
- diabetes and MS
- frailty and sarcopenia
- OP and OA

Answer 32

not MS and not OA

Question 33

are pro or anti-inflammatory cytokines produced more?

Answer 33

Pro

Question 34

is innate or adaptive immunity compromised with age?

Answer 34

adaptive, which leads to overuse of innate immunity and increased inflammation

Question 35

which of the following increases with age?
- disease-fighting ability
- wound repair
- auto-immunity
- innate immunity

Answer 35

auto-immunity