UCSP 1 TO 3 LESSON ppt Flashcards
defined as a field that studies
everything that makes us human.
Anthropology
Anthropology can be divided into four fields
Archaeology
Linguistic anthropology
Physical anthropology Social and;
Cultural anthropology
We can understand human
diversity in the contemporary world. While it studies the
human body.
• In other words, anthWe can understand human
diversity in the contemporary world. While it studies the
human body.
• In other words, anthWe can understand human
diversity in the contemporary world. While it studies the
human body.
Anthropology
the study of everything
related to human beings and being human.
Anthropology
derived from the Latin word ‘colere,’ meaning
to tend, to grow, to nurture
Culture
Kultura, however,
anthropologist and culture enthusiasts would rather
choose
Kalinangan
which also means to cultivate
kalinangan
cannot be easily defined
Culture
Culture is ordinary, as argued by
Raymond Williams (cited in Lanuza and Raymundo, 2017).
Sir Edward Burnett Taylor
as the complex whole which
includes knowledge, belief, art, law,
morals, custom, and any other
capabilities and habits acquired by
man as a member of society
Culture
defines
Culture as the complex whole which
includes knowledge, belief, art, law,
morals, custom, and any other
capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
Sir Edward Burnett Taylor
culture derived from the Latin word ‘
colere
colere meaning
to tend, to grow, to nurture
Approaches in Studying Culture
Evolutionism
Functionalism
Structuralism
the notion that culture
follows a specific line or
stage of development.
Evolutionism
views culture as similar to
a biological organism, in
which parts work together
to support the operation
of the whole.
Functionalism
analyzes culture in
terms of the structural
relations of its elements
Structuralism
contends that culture can have multiple meanings and can exist
independently of the people who created them.
Postmodernism
Characteristics of Culture
Culture is adaptive
Culture is learned
Culture is shared
Culture is integrated
Cultures interact and change
The process of learning culture, both formally and informally, is called
enculturation or socialization.
refers to an object or concept’s initial appearance in
society
Innovation
refers to the spread of material and nonmaterial culture in
different places
Diffusion
a process through which an individual or a group
from one culture adopts the practices and values of another culture,
while still retaining their own distinct culture.
Acculturation
the process by which different cultural groups become
more and more alike.
Assimilation
the perspective that each culture
must be understood in terms of the values and ideas of
that culture and not judged by the standards of another
culture
Cultural relativism
The opposite of cultural relativism is
ethnocentrism
independently discovered the principle of Natural
Selection
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
the process through which populations of living
organisms adapt and change
Natural selection
individuals in a population are all
different in some ways.
National Geographic
does not change any
single individual, according to th
Smithsonian (2020)
specializes on the
study of past cultures through various evidence
Archaeology
an order of
mammals that includes modern
humans.
primates
vary in size from several
ounces to more than 400 pounds.
Primates
is a
basic consideration because it is
related to behavior
morphology or physical form
have five digits on their hands and feet,
opposable thumbs, and they can grasp with both their
hands and feet
primates
Most primate species are
arboreal (tree-dwelling),
quadrupedal (moving on all fours),
diurnal (active
during the day)
The early hominins span from
8 million years ago to 2 million years ago
hominins are anatomically
distinct from other apes in three ways:
changes to the pelvis and lower limbs
related to habitual bipedalism or
upright locomotion on two feet, larger
brains, and smaller teeth.
refers to a
category of several extinct
species of early hominins
found in East and southern
Afric
Australopithecine
provided the first stone
tools
Australopithecine
includes extinct
hominin species that lived from 2.4 million years to 17,000 years
ago and had
a more modern
human
Archaic Homo
-like body shape, larger
brains, and smaller jaws and
teet
Archaic Homo
Archaic Homo Belonging to this group are the:
Homo habilis
* Homo erectus
* Homo floresiensis
* Homo luzonensis
are the last
archaic Homo species which
survived from 400,000 to
30,000 years ago
Neanderthals
the species to which
modern humans belong
Homo sapiens
refers to Homo sapiens,
“anatomically modern humans” (AMH)
the last period during which any
evidence exists of significant morphological
change
modern humans
steeper foreheads with smaller brow
ridges, smaller faces, smaller incisor teeth, and
thinner limb bones
modern humans
They spent a large part of each
day gathering plants and
hunting or scavenging animals
Homo sapiens
humans learned
how to farm and produce their
own food, which led to the
Neolithic Revolution
Plant and animal
domestication is a major
defining feature of humanity’s
last several thousand years
Neolithic Revolution
heavily influenced the shift in
human history called the
Neolithic Revolution
sedentism
distinguished from
a village or
town by having
a larger population and
by having more occupational
specialization, more elaborate
architecture, and central services such
as temples, government agencies, and
trade organizations
city
centralized political
organization encompassing many
communities
state
Man by nature
is a political
animal
aristotle
The term “society” came from the Latin word
societas
word societas, which
was derived from the noun socius which means
“friend,ally,” or “comrade.”
refers to a group of people who occupy a
particular territorial area and share the same culture
society
The evolution of societies can be classified into three (3
- Pre-industrial societies
- Industrial societies,
- Post-industrial societies
limited to the amount of labor
human beings could provide.
Pre-industrial societies
Pre-industrial societies may be:
- Hunter-gatherer
- Pastoral
- Horticultural
- Agricultural
- Feudal
Simplest type of Society
Hunting and Gathering Societies
No permanent settlement
Hunting and Gathering Societies
An evolution of the Hunter-Gatherer Society
pastoral societies
Usually has 50 to 200 people
pastoral societies
This society cultivates and nurtures plans.
horticultural societies
It differs from agrarian/agricultural
societies with regard to technology and
land area
Horticultural Societies
Men are responsible for clearing the land to
be tilled; while women are responsible for
taking care of the fruits and vegetables
Horticultural Societies
New materials and methods for cultivating
plants and animals gave birth to
Agricultural Societies such as plow and
whee
agricultural societies
employs feudalism
which can be defined as a system for
structuring society around relationships
derived from the holding of land
fiefdom or fief
was a set of legal and military
customs in medieval Europe that
flourished between the 9th and 15th
centuries
Feudalism
This society was a fruit of continued
innovations in agrarian societies
industrial societies
These advancements however, paved to the way for
wealth and power to be more limited to fewer people
capitalist
popularized by Daniel Bell
Post-Industrial Societies
characterized
as knowledge and service-oriented.
Post-Industrial Societies
the main capital of the postindustrial society with means of production
following suit
knowledge
defined as the sense of being related to other
persons.
kinship
socially recognized relationships
based on supposed and actual genealogical ties.
kinship
it involves people who are
directly related.
kinship by descent
is
based on blood
Consanguineal kinship
based on
marriage
Affinal Kinship
A form of kinship is where
individuals not connected
by birth or marriage may
still have
a bond of kinship
social kinship
the tracing of kinship relationships through parentage.
Descent
which a child is
recognized as being related by descent to both parents.
bilineal descent system
which kinship is
traced through the male line.
Patrilineal descent
which kinship is
traced through the female line.
Matrilineal descent
the kinship relationship by marriage
affinity
marriage between two people.
Heterosexual monogamy is the most common
form of marriage cross-culturally, and in many
countries is the only legal form of marriage
monogamy `
marriage involving multiple
spouses, a pattern allowed in many cultures
polygamy
Two forms of polygamous marriage exist.
Polygyny
Polyandry
marriage of one man with more than
one woman
Polygyny
marriage between one woman and
more than one man, is rare
Polyandry
Relationships between godparents and godchildren
compadrazgo
small and characterized by close, personal, and
intimate relationships that last a long time, maybe a lifetime.
Primary groups
comprise relatively impersonal and temporary
relationships that are goal- or task-oriented and are often found in
employment or educational settings.
Secondary groups
s a group that
people compare themselves to—it provides a standard of
measurement.
reference groups.
refers to a group of interdependent actors and
the relationships between them.
Network
refers to
the family into which a person is
born.
Family of orientation
describes one that is formed
through marriage.
family of procreation
totoy rode a jeepney. During this ride, he pretended to fall asleep and did not pass on the fares of the other passenger to the jeepney driver. What deviance did he commit?
Informal
Maria is a filipina immigrant in berlin. Upon living there for a month she already spoke fluent german and loves to eat currywurst as a snack, She also observe policies whole heartedly. What change in culture happened to Maria?
Assimilation
Arian and joey filipino couple. Arian is from pangasinan while joey is from Manila. What consideration did Arian take into account when she chose joey as a love interest?
Exogamy
Totoy went to japan to become an OFW. He tried to learn how to speak, read and write nihongo. But would speak in tagalog when he meets his friends over a cup of coffee in kyoto.
Acculturation
His definition of culture was found on 165 articles on culture
Edward Burnett taylor
jordan was wearing croptop what devince is this?
Formal deviance
argues the idea of absolute thruth and that one can be subject to multiple thruths at the same time
Postmodernism
filipino cuisine is way better than any other cuisine and she would rather starve to death eat any food from other cuisines. Wazna is a?
Ethnocentric
what is the difference between a hominin and archaic homo?
Hominins, including modern humans and their ancestors, are characterized by bipedal locomotion and larger brains. Archaic Homo, an extinct group with similar characteristics but differing in features like larger brow ridges, robust skulls, and smaller brain sizes, existed before Homo sapiens.
the 1986 people power revolution is a result of the long standing oppression of the marcos regime. This opression left thousands dead and or considered as desaparecidos. This theory suggests that the revolution ocured because of political inequality.
Conflict theory
study of fossils, artifacts, and etc
archaeology
An example of folkway is putting plastic on your shoes when going inside a restaurant. true or false?
false
The formation of ancient civilization i.e summeria was a result of this event which was triggered by animal domestician and sedentism
True
Luke and leia are a couple. Luke is German austria while leia is a Filipina. Leia and Luke are both bread winners and have the same salary in their line of work.
Isogamy
Lucy or the Australopithecus afarensis is classified under the
early hominins
Luke went to france to study however, he wasn’t able to look for the ingredients for sinigang. So he adjusted his diet and would look for the ingredients of Boeuf bourguignons. This is an example of enculturation. TRUE OR FALSE?
False
Chelsea has a younng brother named jepoy Dizon. She taught jepoy dizon that their family usually eats together, and he must do a mano po to his dad.
Social reproduction
court order saying
that a man and a woman are no
longer a husband and wife.
divorce
judicial statement
that there was never a marriage
between the man and the
woman
annulment
Whats the diff between divorce and annulment?
Divorce ends a legal marriage and declares the spouses to be single again while annulment, legally determines marriage was never valid.
