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GOODLUCK > RECIT FOR PR (CM 4) > Flashcards

RECIT FOR PR (CM 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Overall strategy to logically and coherently integrate various components/
elements of a study

A

Research Design

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2
Q

Choose which design best fits your problem and why you see it as best suited to find answers to questions in the SOP

A

Research Design

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3
Q

5 Type of Research design

A

Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Causal-comparative
Experimental
Prototyping

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4
Q

Uses rating scales, questionnaires, observations, etc

A

Descriptive Research

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5
Q

Used when little is known about the topic and research is exploratory in nature.

A

Descriptive Research

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6
Q

Determine relationship between
two variables. (E.g., an increase/ decrease in one variable corresponds to
an increase/ decrease in another.)

A

Correlation Research

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7
Q

Aims to study casual relationship

A

Causal-comparative

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8
Q

Uses questionnaires, tests, observations

A

Correlation Research

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9
Q

occurs during the study
itself.

A

Effect

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10
Q

already established before the study

A

Intact group

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11
Q

No randomness so it
provides limited conclusiveness in establishing causation.

A

Intact Group

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12
Q

Members of each intact group may be randomly assigned to either

A

treatment group or control group.

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13
Q

Ensures greater control for researcher and
less threats to validity of study

A

Experimental

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13
Q

May be prone to Hawthorne effect

A

Experimental

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13
Q

(observed change in participant behavior
because of knowing they are part of experiment)

A

Hawthornes

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13
Q

Not all variables can be experimentally
controlled and manipulated for practical and ethical reasons.

A

Experimental

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14
Q

Development approach to improve planning and execution of creative
designs

A

Prototyping

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15
Q

Steps in developing prototypes

A

Develop a prototype by identifying objectives, identifying risks, formulating a hypothesis, constructing it, assessing its functionality through an experiment, and utilizing the results to enhance it.

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15
Q

Focuses where the research will be conducted. This the location where the
researcher will gather the data.

A

Research Locale

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16
Q

the process of systematically selecting individuals, units, or groups
out of the entire population to be analyzed in the study

A

Sampling

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16
Q

what is the goal of sampling?

A

to make sure that samples are representative of population

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17
Q

3 sample size?

A

o Heuristics- rule of thumb
o Literature review- Look for studies similar to yours. Check sample size
to prove the validity of sample size you plan to use.
o Formulas:

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17
Q

rule of thumb

A

Heuristics

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18
Q

Look for studies similar to yours. Check sample size
to prove the validity of sample size you plan to use.

A

Literature review

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19
Q

National Education Association

A

formulas

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20
Q
  • all participants have an equal chance of being
    selected.
A

Simple random sampling

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21
Q

Best way to obtain a representative sample, Fishbowl method,
electronic raffle/ spin the wheel.

A

Simple random sampling

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22
Q

population is divided into subgroups/ stratas having
similar characteristics, from which the samples are drawn

A

Stratified sampling-

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23
Q

Ensure that all
subgroups are represented adequately in the sample, best used when
characteristics of subgroups may influence variables being measured.

A

Stratified sampling

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24
Q
  • population is divided into subgroups regardless of
    characteristics
A

Cluster sampling

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25
Q

what is the cons and solution for cluster sampling

A

CON: possible inadequate representation of each characteristic among
the population
SOLUTION: large number of samples should be used from the
subgroups

26
Q

selecting members of the population based on a fixed
interval (every nth value).

A

Systematic sampling

26
Q

4 Probability Sampling

A

Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling

27
Q

is a method where each item has an unknown possibility of being selected

A

Non-probability Sampling

28
Q

4 Non-probability Sampling

A

Convenience Sampling
Judgemental/purposing sampling
Snowball Sampling
Quota Sampling

28
Q

Sample is chosen based on what is conveniently available

A

Convenience Sampling `

29
Q

Sample is chosen based on who is knowledgeable or expert in the topic at hand.

A

Judgemental/purposing sampling

29
Q

Used when the subjects are very difficult to find or very sensitive topic

A

Snowball Sampling

29
Q

Used to obtain the same characteristics found in the population.

A

Quota Sampling

30
Q

What are the instruments used to gather data

A

Test
Observation
Interviews
Questionnaire

31
Q
  • Instrument “appears” to measure variables being studied.
    Subjective.
A

Face Validity

32
Q

Consider having another coder or evaluator to help gather data when using
more subjective tools (observation, interview, etc.) to improve validity and
reliability

A

Data Gathering tool

33
Q

Degree to which an instrument measures the specific
elements it is supposed to measure.

A

Content validity

34
Q

Done with a list of specifications provided
by subject matter experts.

A

Content Validity

35
Q

Degree to which an instrument measures the variables
being studied, as a whole.

A

Construct validity

36
Q

Degree to which an instrument predicts characteristics of a
variable in a certain way, producing similar results to that of another
instrument

A

Criterion validity

37
Q

ability to predict results similar to those already
conducted in the past, especially when two instruments are employed
simultaneously

A

Concurrent validity

38
Q

ability to predict results similar to another instrument
which may be used in the future

A

Predictive validity

39
Q

Consistency of the measures of an instrument.

A

Reliability

40
Q

administer an instrument twice and compute the
consistency of scores. Conduct retest in a shorter period of time to record a
higher correlation

A

Test-retest reliability

41
Q

– administer two identical tests (same
coverage, difficulty level, test type, and format, but different in wording,
e.g., pre- and post-test)

A

Equivalent forms reliability

41
Q

measures how well the items in two
instruments measure the same construct

A

Internal consistency reliability

42
Q

measures the consistency used to evaluate the extent
to which different judges agree in their assessment decisions

A

Inter-rater reliability

43
Q

Present what you intend to do or what you did in a step-by-step manner so that other researchers can easily replicate the stud

A

Data Gathering Procedure

43
Q

*Letter of permission
to conduct data
gathering (if
applicable)
*Informed consent
form
Pilot-testing

A

What you need
before data
collection:

43
Q

Describe in detail how your
paper exemplifies research ethics in every step

A

Data Gathering Procedure

43
Q

Triangulate results
using two or more
sources and
methods.

A

During data collection:

44
Q

encoding,
transcribing, and
archival of data
Analysis and
interpretation

A

After:

45
Q

also be used for easier replication in future studies (which also
ensures validity and reliability of study you conducted).

A

flowchart

46
Q

usually stated in paragraph form

A

Procedure

47
Q

Rests on a number of
assumptions about data
distribution and/ or frequency of
their occurrence

A

Parametric Test

48
Q

Have more statistical power
because assumptions are
mathematical in nature

A

Parametric Test

49
Q

Can detect whether IV
significantly affects DV

A

Parametric Test

50
Q

Used for interval or ratio scales

A

Parametric Test

51
Q

Used for sample sizes of 30 or
more

A

Parametric Test

52
Q

Used if data distribution is
normal

A

Parametic Test

53
Q

measure of heaviness of the tail of the distribution,
indicating presence of outliers

A

Kurtosis

53
Q

High kurtosis

A

leptokurtic

54
Q

Medium kurtosis

A

(mesokurtic

55
Q

(lack of evenness in data distribution

A

skewness

56
Q

Low kurtosis

A

(platykurtic

57
Q

Negative skew

A

(left-tailed, right-leaning

58
Q

Positive skew

A

right-tailed, left-leaning

59
Q

the specific procedures that was being used to distinguish and
dissect information about the research topic.

A

Methodology

59
Q

the tool that was being maximized by the researcher to gather
and collect the data from the respondents.

A

Research Instrument

60
Q

what you intend to do or what you did in a step-by-step
manner so that other researchers can easily replicate the study

A

Data gathering procedure

GOODLUCK (27 decks)

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