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GOODLUCK > Philo na nakakahilo >; > Flashcards

Philo na nakakahilo >; Flashcards

1
Q

“Love” or “Friend”

A

Philos

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2
Q

“Wisdom”

A

Sophia

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3
Q

lover of wisdom

A

Philosopher

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4
Q

▪ WISDOM

A

= beyond knowledge
= essence
= purpose

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5
Q

Love of wisdom

A

Philosophy

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6
Q

thus, all aspects of reality
can be the object of a philosophical study.

A

Philosophy

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6
Q

studies all things”;

A

Philosophy

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7
Q

all things through their ultimate causes,
acquired through the use of reason.

A
  • knowledge
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8
Q

seeking the deepest explanations regarding the existence and nature of beings

A

ultimate causes

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9
Q

an attempt to arrive at a rational conception of the reality

A

Nature of Philosophy

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10
Q

enquires into the nature of the universe, the nature of the human soul, and its destiny, and the nature of God or the Absolute, and their relation to one another.

A

Nature of Philosophy

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11
Q

enquires into the nature of matter, time, space, causality, evolution, life, and mind, and their relation to one another.

A

Nature of Philosophy

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12
Q

the art of thinking all things logically, systematically, and persistently.

A

Nature of Philosophy

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13
Q

the art of thinking rationally and systematically of the reality as a whole.

A

Nature of Philosophy

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14
Q

What is a Philosophy of Man?

A

Anthropos Logia
(Man/ Humanity) + (Discourse or study) =
Discourse( or study) about Humanity

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15
Q

Discourse About Humanity

A

Essence:
: What makes ME human?
: What makes Human beings, Human
beings?
Purpose:
: Why are there humans?
: What is my purpose?

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16
Q

Branches of Philosophy

A

Epistemology (theory of knowledge)
Metaphysics
Logic
Ethics/ Axiology (moral philosophy)
Aesthetic
Political Philosophy

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17
Q

delves into the definition, scope, and parameters of knowledge and knowledge formation.

A

Epistemology (theory of knowledge)

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18
Q

seeks to explain how we acquire knowledge, how knowledge relates to notions like justification, truth, and belief, and how and where it falls in the spectrum of certainty and error

A

Epistemology (theory of knowledge)

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19
Q

studies and asks questions about the essence and existence of being, reality, the physical world, and the universe.

A

Metaphysics

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20
Q

studies and concerned with “reasoning” or truth

A

Logic

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21
Q
  • teaches the difference between good and
    bad reasoning and how to construct valid
    arguments.
A

Logic

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22
Q

study of morality

A

Ethics/ Axiology (moral philosophy)

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23
Q

seeks to address questions about how we should live our lives, define proper conduct, and meaning of good life

A

Ethics/ Axiology (moral philosophy)

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24
Q

teaches what the virtuous life is like and how we can put these virtues into practice.

A

Ethics/ Axiology (moral philosophy)

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25
Q

study of everything related to beauty, art,
and good taste

A

Aesthetics

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26
Q

includes how we define art, how we feel when
viewing art or witnessing beauty, how we judge
works of art, and how we form our taste.

A

Aesthetics

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27
Q

examines various concepts related to politics,
government, laws, liberty, justice, rights,
authority, state, and even ethics (ethical ruling).

A

. Political Philosophy

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28
Q

discusses how states should be built and run, and how its constituents should act.

A

. Political Philosophy

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29
Q

Ancient Philosophy of Man

A

(Early 5th Century B.C. To Late 4th Century B.C.)
: Socrates and Aristotle
Focuses on Essence

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29
Q

Medieval Philosophy of Man

A

(Late Fifth Century A.D. to Middle Fifteenth Century)
Thomas Aquinas
= Focuses on ESSENCE and INDIVIDUALITY

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30
Q

“An act is good or bad depending on whether it
contributes to or deters us from our proper
human end

A

The telos

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31
Q

Telos

A

Final Goal

32
Q

at which all human actions aim

A

Happiness

33
Q

understood in terms of completion, perfection, or well-being

A

Happiness

34
Q

requires a range of intellectual and moral virtues that enable us to understand the nature of happiness and motivate us to seek it in a reliable and consistent way.

A

Achieving happiness

35
Q

consists in beatitude, or supernatural union with God.

A

Final happiness

36
Q

teacher of Plato

A

Socrates

37
Q

Believed that circumspect use of language and endless selfquestioning are crucial in the quest for wisdom.

A

Socrates

38
Q

saw philosophy as a way of life,
the highest calling of a select few.

A

Socrates

39
Q

believed that the highest good is
knowledge.

A

Socrates

40
Q

first logician and biologist.

A

Aristotle

41
Q

founded the Lyceum and tutored
Alexander the Great.

A

Aristotle

42
Q
  • influenced numerous theologians
    and philosophers, including St.
    Augustine and Thomas Aquinas.
A

Aristotle

43
Q

“the form is what makes matter
what it is (as the soul defines a
living body)”.

A

Aristotle

44
Q

Modern Philosophy of Man

A

(Early 17th Century To 19th Century)

45
Q

( Modern Philosophy of Man)

A

(Early 17th Century to 19th century)
- Rene Descartes, Rousseau and Kant
: Focuses on Individuality and the Others

46
Q

“The world of things-in-themselves is
unknowable; the world of appearance, the
phenomenal world governed by laws, is
knowable.

A

Kant

47
Q

believed that causality, necessity, and unity
enable us to have a coherent knowledge of
the world.

A

Kant

48
Q

accepted the moral argument for God’s
existence and the doctrine of free will
(“ought” implies “can,” he reasoned).

A

Kant

49
Q

“Moral actions can only arise from a sense
of duty (as opposed to, say, the outcome of
actions, which may be pleasurable or
beneficial to someone).”

A

Kant

50
Q
  • believed that people are born
    good but that society wields a
    corrupting influence on them.
A

Rousseau

51
Q
  • “The driving force behind society
    is the General Will, and it must
    be respected. The challenge is
    to attain freedom amidst
    corruption and worldliness.”
A

Rousseau

52
Q

father of modern philosophy.

A

Descartes

53
Q
  • the only thing that he couldn’t doubt was himself thinking, hence cogito ergo sum (“I think,
    therefore, I am”)
A

Descartes

54
Q

made landmark contributions to mathematics (Cartesian geometry), to metaphysics (belief
in God and the material world, acceptance of mind-body dualism), and to philosophical
methodology (Discourse On Method).

A

Descartes

55
Q

Contemporary Philosophy of Man

A

(20th to present)
- Kierkergaard, Nietzsche, Hierdegger and Sartre
: Is this essence? Is there really purpose?

56
Q

Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre
(Contemporary Philosophy of Man)

A

= Is there essence? Is there really purpose?

57
Q

the view that existence precedes essence,
that there’s no meaning or value or truth to
life a priori.

A

Existentialism

58
Q

faith in God, who can deliver us
from our forlornness.

A

Kierkegaard

59
Q

idea of death provokes a fear of nothingness; people hide in inauthentic routines; they seek to renounce their freedom to act.

A

Heidegger

60
Q

“We’re essentially alone;
we come into the world
alone and exit it alone.

A

Heidegger

61
Q
  • human beings are unique because they
    can both act and be aware of it at the
    same time.
A

Sartre

62
Q

Anything we do can be the object of conscious awareness; deep fear that others will relate to us as if we were objects, reduce us to no-thing. There is no meaning to our life a priori, so the deepest striving is to define ourselves in
a random and contingent world.

A

Sartre

63
Q

is a study or discourse about
humanity.

A

Philosophy of Man

64
Q

Philosophy of Man

A

Philosophy of Man

65
Q

Philosophy originated when?

A

It originated in the early 5th century. Many
Philosophers made their views and beliefs
flourished.

66
Q

To know is to experience

A

Epistemology

67
Q

Logic, empiricism, rationalism

A

Epistemology

68
Q

Believes that everything was explained by God

A

Greek

69
Q

The primary substance for Thales

A

Water

70
Q

Everything can be explained by numbers

A

Pythagoras

71
Q

Father of Western Philosophy

A

Thales

72
Q

Greece asked question

A

Cosmocentric

73
Q

China asked question

A

Anthropocentric

74
Q

India asked question

A

psychocentric

75
Q

Human beings are?

A

Characterized by their rationality, emotions, self-awareness, and flaws, are unique species with unique characteristics but also face challenges in navigating their environment.

76
Q

hence cogito ergo sum

A

” I think, therefore, I am”

77
Q

accepted the moral argument for God’s
existence and the doctrine of free will

A

(“ought” implies “can,” he reasoned)

78
Q

who first coined the word “philosophia”

A

Pythagoras

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