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GOODLUCK > PHILO( FREEDOM IN THE CONTEXT OF MORALITY) > Flashcards

PHILO( FREEDOM IN THE CONTEXT OF MORALITY) Flashcards

1
Q

Deals with the systematic questioning and critical
examination of the underlying principles of
morality.

A

Ethics

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2
Q

Ethic Comes from the Greek word

A

Ethos

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3
Q

characters of a culture

A

Ethos

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4
Q

Morality comes from the latin word

A

mores

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5
Q

the customs including the customary behavior of a particular group of
people

A

mores

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6
Q

Meant to answer the question “What is good?

A

Normative Ethics

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7
Q

It pertains to certain norms or standards for goodness
and badness, rightness of wrongness of an act.

A

Normative Ethics

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8
Q

Questions the basis of assumptions proposed in a
framework of norms and standards by normative
ethic

A

Meta-Ethics

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9
Q

where its standards of
morality are based

A

moral framework

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10
Q

Examines the presuppositions, meanings, and
justifications of ethical concepts, and principles.

A

Meta-Ethics

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11
Q

describes how we apply normative theories to specific issues

A

Applied Ethics

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12
Q

Folkways

A

by William Sumner

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12
Q

Our notion of what is right stems from man’s basic
instinct to survive by who?

A

William Sumner

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13
Q

formed from society

A

Sanctions, customs and habits

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14
Q

threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule

A

Sanctions

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15
Q

a traditional and widely accepted way of
behaving or doing something that is specific to
a particular society, place, or time.

A

Customs

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16
Q

settled or regular tendency or practice,
especially on that which is hard to give up.

A

Habits

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17
Q

As an existentialist

A

Jean Paul Sartre

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18
Q

he claims that “man is condemned to be free.”

A

Jean Paul Sartre

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19
Q

an unconstrained free moral
agent in the sense that he always has a
choice in every aspect of his life.

A

man

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20
Q

“Man is condemned to be free.”

A

The statement asserts that freedom is inherent in the human condition, and therefore, man is entirely responsible for how he utilizes it.

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20
Q

“Man is nothing else but that which he
makes of himself” who wrote this?

A

Jean Paul Sartre

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21
Q

Humans are shaped by their present decisions, not their past or circumstances, and have the freedom to define their own life path and identity.

A

“Man is nothing else but that which he
makes of himself”

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22
Q

“You are free, but this freedom is not
absolute”who wrote this?

A

Jean Paul Sartre

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23
Q

You are free, but this freedom is not
absolute

A

a remark implying that, while individuals have the freedom to create and act on their own decisions, this freedom is not limitless.

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24
Q

He wrote the book entitled, Ethics: The Modern
Conceptions of the Principles of Right

A

John Mothershead

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25
Q

two conditions for morality

A

Freedom and obligation

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26
Q

assumed when one is making
his choices

A

Freedom

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26
Q

agent that is taking
full responsibility for his actions

A

Freedom

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27
Q

one’s duty to himself to
exercise this freedom as a rational moral being.

A

Obligation

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28
Q

a deliberate human action

A

Conduct

29
Q

It is the result of reflection where the human person is endowed with the capacity to think using his rationality and to weigh the consequences of his actions

A

Conduct

30
Q

not capable of the act of deliberation
or reflection.

A

animals

31
Q

What animals have is

A

Instinct

32
Q

why are some animals able to solve simple problems?

A

Animals have pre-reflective morality since they are not capable of what human can do

33
Q

is budgeting actions.

A

moral judgements

34
Q

the most important class of moral judgements
because it has reference to the judger’s own future.

A

moral decision

35
Q

Not all moral judgements are

A

moral decisions

36
Q

wrote the book entitled, Moral Reasoning:
Ethical Theory and Some Contemporary Moral
Problems

A

Victor Grassian

37
Q

He introduced the confusion between “what one ought to do
and what one would be inclined to do?

A

Victor Grassian

38
Q

Answers the question what we ought to do according to a normative ethical system

A

Intellectual choice

39
Q

Deals with how a person will act according to a given situation

A

Practical choice

40
Q

Our quest however, is not the psychological one of what an individual would as a
matter of fact be inclined to do in a given situation but, rather, the normative one of what he
morally ought to do. The mere fact that an individual might be inclined to act in a particular
way does not show that is the way he should ac

A

Victor Grassian

41
Q

was one of the most influential
philosophers in the history of philosophy.

A

Immanuel Kant

42
Q

The thing as it appears to an observer

A

Phenomena

43
Q

The thing-in-itself

A

Noumena

44
Q

The thing-in-itself

A

Das ding an sich

45
Q

claimed that man’s
speculative reason can only know phenomena and can never penetrate to the
noumenon.

A

Immanuel kant

46
Q

an ethic based on duty.

A

Deontological ethics

47
Q

Deontological Ethics came from the greek word

A

Dein

48
Q

– something that we are unconditionally
obliged to do, with no regard to the consequences

A

categorical imperative

49
Q

Provides a priori knowledge (before experience)

A

Pure Reason

49
Q

– Provide a posteriori
knowledge (after experience)

A

Pure Intuition of Space and Time

50
Q

responsible for our capacity to recognize what is good through
the will

A

Practical reason

50
Q

Immanuel Kant called he practical reason as?

A

Godwill

50
Q

which he claimed as the only thing good in-itself,
without qualification

A

Immanuel Kant called this the Goodwill

51
Q

Act only on that maxim, through which you can at the same time
will that it should become a universal law

A

It means that we should only act on principles that we would want to become universal laws, applicable to everyone in all situation. Kant believed that this principle was a fundamental requirement for moral behavior and that it was a necessary condition for any action to be considered morally right

51
Q

Act only on that maxim, through which you can at the same time
will that it should become a universal law who quote is this?

A

Immanuel Kant

52
Q

Teleology came from the root word

A

telos,meaning end, goal, or purpose

53
Q

It is mostly base on consequences.

A

Theological ethics

54
Q

s construed as the maximization of pleasure and
the avoidance of pain in order to promote happiness

A

Utilitarianism

55
Q

is the summum bonum or the ultimate goal for
utilitarianism

A

happiness

56
Q

had the notion that pleasure is quantifiable

A

Jeremy Bentham

57
Q

Bentham’s Hedonic Calculus

A

Intensity
Duration
Certainty

58
Q

was more concerned with the quality of pleasure rather than the quantity.

A

John Stuart Mill

59
Q

are usually employed for propaganda purposes.

A

Emotive term

60
Q

They are considered emotive because they are emotionally loaded

A

Emotive term

61
Q

A value statement in nothing else than a command in a misleading
grammatical form.

A

Alfred Jules Ayer

62
Q

an attempt to make a universal statement
using “all” based only on a few cases observed.

A

Hasty generalizations

63
Q

inference that A is the cause of the occurrence of B.

A

(Post Hoc Fallacy)

64
Q

This is a defense mechanism recognized by psychologists

A

Rationalization

65
Q

This is the process of offering justifications or reasons to cover-up or clothe an already arrived at decision meant to hide one’s true negative or destructive motive, to become an acceptable course of action.

A

Rationalization

66
Q
A
67
Q

Quality of pleasure

A

John Stuart Mill

68
Q

Pleasure if quantitable

A

Jeremy betham

GOODLUCK (27 decks)

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