UCSP | 1 Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

The customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group.

culture

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The term to describe human beings together (collective, the sum of their social networks and social interactions)

society

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A group of individuals involved in persistent social interactions, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

society

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The academic study of government and the state.

politics

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Activites associated with the governance of a country or other area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve power.

politics

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This article vests executive power on the PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Article VII, Section , of the 1987 Constitution

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How many terms does a president have with no provision for reelection?

1 term (6 years)

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The Head of State and Head of Government, and functions as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

President of the Philippines

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POWERS OF THE PRESIDENTS IN PH:

Power of control over the executive branch
Power ordinance power
Power over aliens
Power over ill-gotten wealth

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This includes restructuring, reconfiguring, and appointments of their respective officials.

Power of control over the executive branch

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2 types of Ordinance Power

Executive Orders
Memorandum Orders

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The president shall have the authority to recover ill-gotten properties amassed b the leaders and supporters of the previous regime, and protect the interest of the people through orders of sequestration or freezing of assets or accounts.

Power over ill-gotten wealth

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A foreigner, especially one who is not a naturalized cittizen of the country where they are hiking.

Power over aliens

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The process by which people follow what their culture expects and adopt the values and behaviors that are important in that culture.

Enculturation

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the exchange of culture from one generation to another.

enculturation

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Begins from birth and continues until death.

enculturation

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It refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture.

socialization

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The process of social influence through which a person acquires the culture or subculture of his/her group, and in the course of acquiring these cultural elements, the individual’s self and personality are shaped.

socialization

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it enables a person to learn the different cultural languages, norms, values, and one’s role in the society in order to fit the group.

socialization

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Types of socialization

Primary
Secondary
Developmental
Anticipatory
Differential
Desocialization
Resocialization

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It occurs between the child and those people in his/her life with whom he/she has a close, personal, and intimate face-to-face relationship.

Primary socialization

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the individual does not have a close, personal, intimate or face-to-face relationship with the people that are responsible for the socialization process.

secondary socialization

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people learn how to behave in different situations and come to see themselves as members of specific groups, such as their religious community, their workplace, or their country.

secondary socialization

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a learning process wherein the focus in on developing social skills or on learning behavior within a social institution.

developmental socialization

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This type of socialization can happen at any point in life, but is often thought of as happening during childhood and adolescence.

developmental socialization

the process, facilitated by social interactions, in which non-group members learn to take on the values and standards of groups that they aspire to join, so as to ease their entry into the group and help them interact competently once they have been accepted by it.

anticipatory socialization

It involves changing one's attitudes and behaviours in preparation for a shift in one's role.

anticipatory socialization

the process by which people of different groups are socialized differently. This can be due to their class, race, or gender.

differential socialization

the process by which someone experiences role loss and an accompanying loss of associated power or prestige. It can happen when a person leaves a job, goes through a divorce, or retires.

desocialization socialization

The individual may experience a loss of social identity resulting in an identity crisis, loss of peer status, loss of self-image and self-esteem, and have difficulty finding a substitute activity or another peer group

desocialization socialization

refers to the process of learning and internalizing rules, values, and expectations of one’s culture

enculturation

the process by which someone learns new norms, values, and behaviors. Most typically, this involves partially or completely redefining the traits of the role that a person had previously occupied.

resocialization socialization

Regarded as one of the founders of social psychology and of what has come to be referred to as ‘Chicago Sociological Tradition'

GEORGE HERBERT MEAD

enables individuals to familiarize with their own cultures and to conform to its expectations. It is an essential requirement for surviving and becoming an accepted member of one’s own community or society.

enculturation

represents a person's spontaneous reaction to how others view them

the collection of attitudes and expectations that a person adopts based on how they think others see them.

FOUR-STAGE PROCESS OF SELF DEVELOPMENT

Imitation Stage Play Stage Game Stage The Generalized Other

Refers to the developmental phase where infants imitate behaviors of people they regularly interact with without fully understanding its purpose.

Imitation Stage

Children start to adopt the role of others by observing “adults”, such as dressing up as a parent or using a toy phone like they see grownups do.

Play stage

Children learn to consider several roles at the same time and how those roles interact with each other. They learn to understand interactions involving different people with a variety of purposes.

game stage

The common behavioral expectations of general society. By this stage of development, a person can think about how others see them, which helps them develop their own identity or sense of self.

the generalized other

The identification of a certain ethnicity, usually on the basis of presumed common genealogy or ancestry.

Ethnic Identity

IDENTITY FORMATION

Cultural Identity Ethnic Identity National Identity Religious Identity

One’s feeling of identity or affiliation with a group or culture.

Cultural Identity

An ethical and philosophical concept whereby all humans are divided into groups called nations.

NATIONAL IDENTITY

A group of beliefs and practices that a person follow, including accepeted beliefs and rituals.

religious identity

the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to fit with those of a group or society. It involves yielding to social pressure, norms, or expectations.

conformity

3 Main Types of Conformity according to Kelman et al (1958)

COMPLIANCE IDENTIFICATION INTERNALIZATION

is public conformity, while possibly keeping one’s own original beliefs for oneself.

COMPLIANCE

is conforming to someone who is liked and respected.

IDENTIFICATION

is accepting the belief or behavior and conforming both publicly and privately, if the source is credible.

INTERNALIZATION

typically motivated by a person'sidentification with a specific group.

Conformity

In theory, to be truly accepted as a member, an individual must adopt the norms and rules that govern the group's behavior. These actions may, at first, differ from their own personal values.

Conformity

connotes odd or unacceptable behavior, but in the sociological sense of the word, it is simply any violation of society's norms.

deviance

Encompasses actions, beliefs, or traits that contravene established societal norms and expectations.

deviance

It is when someone changes their behaviour to meet expectations. These can be their own expectations for themselves or the expectations others have for them.

Normative Social Influence

2 Types of Conformity According to Deutsch and Gerard

Normative Social Influence Informative Social Influence

It is when someone conforms because they hope for a positive reaction from others. compliance is conforming to others “on the outside”, while maybe not agreeing with them “on the inside”.

Compliance

it is when someone accepts information from others as the truth. The more unsure someone is, the more likely they are to consider other’s opinions as right.

Informational Social Influence

It is when someone changes their behaviour because they want to make their relationship to another person or group better. They conform in situations that are important for the relationship.

Identification

It is when someone changes their behaviour because of the content of the behaviour they conform to. They already agree with the values the behaviour stands for and maybe even find it practical.

Internalization

defined as behaviour that contradicts a group's or society's standards of conduct, expectations, or social norms.

Deviance

2 Types of Deviance:

Informal Deviance Formal Deviance

refers to violation to social norms that are not categorized into law, such as pricking one's nose, burping loudly, and spitting on the street, among others.

Informal Deviance

includes actions that violate enacted laws, such as robbery, theft, graft, rape, and other forms of criminality.

Formal Deviance

marriage between two individuals (one spouse).

MONOGAMY

a socially or legally recognized union between individuals, typically involving a commitment to a long-term relationship, often with the expectation of forming a family.

MARRIAGE

FORMS OF MARRIAGE

MONOGAMY POLYGAMY POLYGYNY POLYANDRY SAME - SEX MARRIAGE

a marriage involving more than two partners.

POLYGAMY

one man married to multiple women.

POLYGYNY

one woman married to multiple men.

POLYANDRY

a marriage between individuals of the same sex, recognized in various countries.

SAME - SEX MARRIAGE

Refers to human relationship, that is, a person’s relationship by blood or marriage to another person or others.

KINSHIP

TYPES OF KINSHIP

CONSANGUINEAL KINSHIP AFFINAL KINSHIP FICTIVE/SOCIAL KINSHIP

relations based on blood ties (e.g., parents, siblings).

CONSANGUINEAL KINSHIP

relations established through marriage (e.g., in-laws).

AFFINAL KINSHIP

KINSHIP SYSTEMS

UNILINEAL BILATERAL CLAN

socially recognized bonds not based on blood or marriage (e.g., godparents, close family friends)

FICTIVE/SOCIAL KINSHIP

tracing descent through either the mother’s line (matrilineal) or the father’s line (patrilineal).

UNILINEAL

tracing descent through both parents’ lines.

BILATERAL

larger kinship groups with a common ancestor, often encompassing multiple families

CLAN

KINSHIP AND MARRIAGE IN SOCIETY

SOCIAL ROLES INHERITANCE AND KINSHIP CULTURAL VARIATION

kinship can determine inheritance rights and succession in many cultures.

INHERITANCE AND KINSHIP

kinship structures often define roles, duties, and expectations within families and communities.

SOCIAL ROLES

the rules and practices surrounding marriage and kinship vary widely across different societies, influenced by religion, tradition, and social norms.

CULTURAL VARIATION

He noted that romantic loveprovided meaning in urban environments and a means for societal reproduction.

Anthony Giddens (1992)

COMPONENTS OF ROMANTIC LOVE

PASSION INTIMACY COMMITMENT

where people marry for love rather than due to tradition or obligation. This belief emphasizes free will in marriage, even at great personal cost.

romantic love

He stated that romantic love is essential in societies lacking kinship pressures.

Sjorberg (1960)

intense physical and emotional attraction, often accompanied by sexual desire.

PASSION

deep emotional closeness, sharing, and bonding between partners.

INTIMACY

the decision to maintain the relationship over time, often leading to long-term partnerships or marriage.

COMMITMENT

STAGES OF ROMANTIC LOVE

Infatuation Passionate Love Companionate Love

Initial intense attraction and idealization.

Infatuation

Strong emotions, physical attraction, and deep involvement.

Passionate Love

a crucial aspect of human behavior and has been extensively studied in fields like psychology, anthropology, and biology.

Mate selection

Evolves into stable affection, trust, and long-term commitment.

Companionate Love

CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES

Cultural Variation Media and Literature

EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES

Intersexual Selection Intrasexual Competition

also known as "mate choice," where one sex (often females) selects mates based on certain desirable traits (e.g., physical attractiveness, resources).

Intersexual Selection

members of the same sex (often males) compete with each other to win the favor of the opposite sex.

Intrasexual Competition

a socially or legally recognized union between individuals, typically involving rights and obligations that vary by culture and legal system. It often serves as a foundation for family formation.

Marriage

TYPES OF MARRIAGE (LEGAL MARRIAGE)

Civil Marriage Religious Marriage Common-Law Marriage Arranged Marriage Love Marriage Open Marriage

A legal union recognized by the state, often involving a civil ceremony.

Civil Marriage

A union recognized by a religious institution, typically involving a religious ceremony.

Religious Marriage

A marriage recognized by a state without a formal ceremony, often based on cohabitation for a specific period.

Common-Law Marriage

A marriage arranged by families or a third party

Arranged Marriage

A marriage where both partners agree to engage in extramarital relationships.

Open Marriage

A marriage based on mutual love and affection

Love Marriage

A marriage between a man and a woman

HETEROSEXUAL MARRIAGE

refers to the social relationships that are typically derived from family ties, including those by blood (consanguinity) and marriage (affinity).

KINSHIP

This kinship is based on blood—or birth: the relationship between parents and children as well as siblings, says the Sociology Group.

CONSANGUINEAL

Schneider argued that not all kinship derives from blood (consanguineal) or marriage (affinal). There are social kinships where individuals not connected by birth or marriage have a kinship bond, he said.

SOCIAL

involves deep emotional connection and affection toward another person, often accompanied by a desire for a committed relationship.

ROMANTIC LOVE

This kinship is based on marriage. The relationship between husband and wife is also considered a basic form of kinship in sociology.

AFFINAL

the process by which individuals choose a partner with whom to form a romantic or marital relationship.

MATE SELECTION

a special kind of feeling that you have for someone. It's when you really like someone and feel a strong connection with them. It's like when you see butterflies in your stomach or can't stop smiling when you think about them.

ROMANTIC LOVE