ANATOMY | The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses II II

Question 1

returns leaked plasma to the blood vessels after cleansing it of bacteria and other foreign matter.

Answer 1

lymphatic system

Question 2

hinder pathogen entry , prevent the spread of disease-causing microorganisms , and strengthen the immune response.

Answer 2

The nonspecific defenses

Question 2

It also provides sites for surveillance by immune system cells.

Answer 2

lymphatic system

Question 3

protects against disease by destroying “foreign” cells and by inactivating toxins and other foreign chemicals with its antibodies .

Answer 3

The immune system

Question 4

actually consists of two semi-independent parts:

Answer 4

lymphatic system

Question 4

two semi-independent parts of the lymphatic system:

Answer 4

A meandering network of lymphatic vessels .
Various lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body.

or

Lymphatic vessels & Lymphoid organs

Question 5

transport fluids that have escaped from the blood vascular system back to the heart.

Answer 5

lymphatic vessels

Question 6

The ____________ house phagocytic cells and lymphocytes, which play essential roles in body defense and resistance to disease.

Answer 6

lymphoid organs

Question 7

form a one-way system and flows only toward the heart.

Answer 7

lymphatic vessels

Question 7

The function of the Lymphatic vessels

Answer 7

to pick up this excess tissue fluid, now called _________ and return it to the blood stream.

Question 7

it means clear water

Answer 7

lymph

Question 7

also called Lymphatics

Answer 7

lymphatic vessels

Question 8

help protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria and tumor cells from the lymphatic stream and by producing lymphocytes that function in the immune system.

Answer 8

lymph nodes

Question 9

engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood.

Answer 9

MACROPHAGES

Question 10

also strategically located in the lymph nodes and respond to foreign substances in the lymphatic stream.

Answer 10

Collections of LYMPHOCYTES

Question 11

but most are kidney-shaped, less than 1 inch (approximately 2.5 centimeters long and “buried” in the connective tissue that surrounds them.

Answer 11

Lymph nodes

Question 12

arise from the red bone marrow but then migrate to the lymphatic organs

Answer 12

Lymphocytes

Question 13

the dark-staining centers of the follicles

Answer 13

germinal centers

Question 13

The outer part of the node

Answer 13

cortex

Question 14

collections of lymphocytes

Answer 14

follicles

Question 15

specific lymphocytes

Answer 15

b cells

Question 16

These centers enlarge when specific lymphocytes (the B cells) are generating daughter cells, called _____________, which release antibodies.

Answer 16

plasma cells

Question 17

The Phagocytic macrophages are located in the …..

Answer 17

central medulla of the lymph node.

Question 17

The rest of the cortical cells are lymphocytes “in transit”, the so called ________that circulate continuously between the blood, lymph nodes and lymphatic stream . Performing their surveillance role.

Answer 17

T-cells

Question 18

OTHER LYMPHOID ORGANS

Answer 18

spleen thymus gland tonsils peyer's patches

Question 19

a blood rich organ that filters blood.

Answer 19

spleen

Question 20

filters and cleanses blood of bacteria , viruses and other debris.

Answer 20

spleen

Question 21

Its most important function is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of their breakdown products to the liver.

Answer 21

spleen

Question 22

Other functions of the ________ include storing platelets and acting as a blood reservoir.

Answer 22

spleen

Question 23

In fetus, this is is an important hematopoietic (blood forming-site).

Answer 23

spleen

Question 24

Which functions at peak levels only during youth , is a lymphatic mass found low in the throat overlying the heart.

Answer 24

thymus gland

Question 24

The thymus produces hormones, _____________________, that function in the programming of certain lymphocytes so they can carry out their protective roles in the body.

Answer 24

thymosin and others

Question 25

Their job is to trap and remove any bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.

Answer 25

tonsils

Question 25

This are small masses of lymphatic tissue that ring the pharynx (the throat), where they are found in the mucosa.

Answer 25

tonsils

Question 26

They carry out this function so efficiently that sometimes they become congested with bacteria and become red, swollen and sore, a condition called

Answer 26

tonsilitis

Question 26

Which resemble tonsils, are found in the wall of the small intestine.

Answer 26

peyer's patches

Question 27

Peyer’s patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues referred to as

Answer 27

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Question 28

acts as a sentinel to protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from the never-ending attacks of foreign matter entering those cavities.

Answer 28

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Question 29

The body defenders against these tiny but mighty enemies are two systems:

Answer 29

nonspecific and the specific defense systems

Question 30

responds immediately to protect the body from all foreign substances .

Answer 30

nonspecific defense system

Question 31

more commonly called the immune system, mounts the attack against particular foreign substances .

Answer 31

specific defense system

Question 31

are provided by intact skin and mucous membranes, the inflammatory response , and a number of proteins produced by body cells

Answer 31

nonspecific defense system

Question 31

a functional system rather than an organ system in an anatomical sense.

Answer 31

immune system

Question 32

refers to the mechanical barriers that cover body surfaces and to cells and chemicals that act on the initial battlefronts to protect the body from invading pathogens (harmful or disease -causing microorganisms).

Answer 32

Nonspecific body defense

Question 33

is the immune system’s response to a threat.

Answer 33

immune response

Question 33

our built-in specific defense system.

Answer 33

immune system

Question 34

the study of immunity.

Answer 34

immunology

Question 35

it protects us from a wide variety of pathogens , as well as from abnormal body cells. When it fails , malfunction or is disabled, some of the most devastating diseases —-- such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and AIDS—-----may result.

Answer 35

Third line of defense

Question 36

The Three important aspects of the immune response:

Answer 36

It is antigen-specific It is systemic It has “memory”

Question 37

It recognizes and acts against particular pathogens or foreign substances.

Answer 37

It is antigen specific

Question 38

Immunity is not restricted to the initial infection site.

Answer 38

It is systemic

Question 39

It recognizes and mounts even stronger attacks on previously encountered pathogens.

Answer 39

It has “memory”

Question 40

is any substance capable of exciting our immune system and provoking an immune response .

Answer 40

Ag or Antigens

Question 41

determines what specific foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.

Answer 41

GENES

Question 41

The “big eaters” that engulf foreign particles and rid them from the area.

Answer 41

macrophages

Question 42

macrophages also secrete cytokine proteins , called ________________, that are important in the immune response.

Answer 42

monokines

Question 43

Also referred to as immunoglobulins or Igs , constitute the gamma globulin part of blood proteins.

Answer 43

ANTIBODIES

Question 44

are formed in response to a huge number of different antigens.

Answer 44

ANTIBODIES