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g12 > ANATOMY | The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses II II > Flashcards

ANATOMY | The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses II II Flashcards

1
Q

returns leaked plasma to the blood vessels after cleansing it of bacteria and other foreign matter.

A

lymphatic system

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2
Q

hinder pathogen entry , prevent the spread of disease-causing microorganisms , and strengthen the immune response.

A

The nonspecific defenses

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2
Q

It also provides sites for surveillance by immune system cells.

A

lymphatic system

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3
Q

protects against disease by destroying “foreign” cells and by inactivating toxins and other foreign chemicals with its antibodies .

A

The immune system

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4
Q

actually consists of two semi-independent parts:

A

lymphatic system

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4
Q

two semi-independent parts of the lymphatic system:

A

A meandering network of lymphatic vessels .
Various lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body.

or

Lymphatic vessels & Lymphoid organs

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5
Q

transport fluids that have escaped from the blood vascular system back to the heart.

A

lymphatic vessels

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6
Q

The ____________ house phagocytic cells and lymphocytes, which play essential roles in body defense and resistance to disease.

A

lymphoid organs

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7
Q

form a one-way system and flows only toward the heart.

A

lymphatic vessels

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7
Q

The function of the Lymphatic vessels

A

to pick up this excess tissue fluid, now called _________ and return it to the blood stream.

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7
Q

it means clear water

A

lymph

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7
Q

also called Lymphatics

A

lymphatic vessels

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8
Q

help protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria and tumor cells from the lymphatic stream and by producing lymphocytes that function in the immune system.

A

lymph nodes

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9
Q

engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood.

A

MACROPHAGES

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10
Q

also strategically located in the lymph nodes and respond to foreign substances in the lymphatic stream.

A

Collections of LYMPHOCYTES

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11
Q

but most are kidney-shaped, less than 1 inch (approximately 2.5 centimeters long and “buried” in the connective tissue that surrounds them.

A

Lymph nodes

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12
Q

arise from the red bone marrow but then migrate to the lymphatic organs

A

Lymphocytes

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13
Q

the dark-staining centers of the follicles

A

germinal centers

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13
Q

The outer part of the node

A

cortex

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14
Q

collections of lymphocytes

A

follicles

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15
Q

specific lymphocytes

A

b cells

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16
Q

These centers enlarge when specific lymphocytes (the B cells) are generating daughter cells, called _____________, which release antibodies.

A

plasma cells

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17
Q

The Phagocytic macrophages are located in the …..

A

central medulla of the lymph node.

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17
Q

The rest of the cortical cells are lymphocytes “in transit”, the so called ________that circulate continuously between the blood, lymph nodes and lymphatic stream . Performing their surveillance role.

A

T-cells

18
Q

OTHER LYMPHOID ORGANS

A

spleen
thymus gland
tonsils
peyer’s patches

19
Q

a blood rich organ that filters blood.

A

spleen

20
Q

filters and cleanses blood of bacteria , viruses and other debris.

A

spleen

21
Q

Its most important function is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of their breakdown products to the liver.

A

spleen

22
Q

Other functions of the ________ include storing platelets and acting as a blood reservoir.

A

spleen

23
Q

In fetus, this is is an important hematopoietic (blood forming-site).

A

spleen

24
Q

Which functions at peak levels only during youth , is a lymphatic mass found low in the throat overlying the heart.

A

thymus gland

24
Q

The thymus produces hormones, _____________________, that function in the programming of certain lymphocytes so they can carry out their protective roles in the body.

A

thymosin and others

25
Q

Their job is to trap and remove any bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.

A

tonsils

25
Q

This are small masses of lymphatic tissue that ring the pharynx (the throat), where they are found in the mucosa.

A

tonsils

26
Q

They carry out this function so efficiently that sometimes they become congested with bacteria and become red, swollen and sore, a condition called

A

tonsilitis

26
Q

Which resemble tonsils, are found in the wall of the small intestine.

A

peyer’s patches

27
Q

Peyer’s patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues referred to as

A

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

28
Q

acts as a sentinel to protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from the never-ending attacks of foreign matter entering those cavities.

A

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

29
Q

The body defenders against these tiny but mighty enemies are two systems:

A

nonspecific and the specific defense systems

30
Q

responds immediately to protect the body from all foreign substances .

A

nonspecific defense system

31
Q

more commonly called the immune system, mounts the attack against particular foreign substances .

A

specific defense system

31
Q

are provided by intact skin and mucous membranes, the inflammatory response , and a number of proteins produced by body cells

A

nonspecific defense system

31
Q

a functional system rather than an organ system in an anatomical sense.

A

immune system

32
Q

refers to the mechanical barriers that cover body surfaces and to cells and chemicals that act on the initial battlefronts to protect the body from invading pathogens (harmful or disease -causing microorganisms).

A

Nonspecific body defense

33
Q

is the immune system’s response to a threat.

A

immune response

33
Q

our built-in specific defense system.

A

immune system

34
Q

the study of immunity.

A

immunology

35
Q

it protects us from a wide variety of pathogens , as well as from abnormal body cells. When it fails , malfunction or is disabled, some of the most devastating diseases —– such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and AIDS——–may result.

A

Third line of defense

36
Q

The Three important aspects of the immune response:

A

It is antigen-specific
It is systemic
It has “memory”

37
Q

It recognizes and acts against particular pathogens or foreign substances.

A

It is antigen specific

38
Q

Immunity is not restricted to the initial infection site.

A

It is systemic

39
Q

It recognizes and mounts even stronger attacks on previously encountered pathogens.

A

It has “memory”

40
Q

is any substance capable of exciting our immune system and provoking an immune response .

A

Ag or Antigens

41
Q

determines what specific foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.

A

GENES

41
Q

The “big eaters” that engulf foreign particles and rid them from the area.

A

macrophages

42
Q

macrophages also secrete cytokine proteins , called ________________, that are important in the immune response.

A

monokines

43
Q

Also referred to as immunoglobulins or Igs , constitute the gamma globulin part of blood proteins.

A

ANTIBODIES

44
Q

are formed in response to a huge number of different antigens.

A

ANTIBODIES

g12 (21 decks)

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