U4 Summative (+ Joints)

Question 1

Synovial

Answer 1

fluid in the middle, freely moves

Question 2

Cartilagineous

Answer 2

cartilage in the middle, slightly moves

Question 3

Fibrous

Answer 3

does not move (e.g. skull sutures, teeth)

Question 4

Diathroses

Answer 4

freely moves

Question 5

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 5

slightly moves

Question 6

Synarthroses

Answer 6

no movement

Question 7

Joint: Ball & Socket

Answer 7

allows backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movements (e.g. shoulder and hip joints)
- structure = synovial
- function = diathroses

Question 8

Joint: Pivot

Answer 8

allows for rotation (e.g. arm rotating outward supination and inward pronation)
- structure = synovial
- function = diathroses

Question 9

Joint: Gliding

Answer 9

typically occurs with flat bones (e.g. waving of the hand)
- structure = synovial
- function = diathroses

Question 10

Joint: Condyloid

Answer 10

two bones (condyles) articulating with another to form a joint; able to bend and move more than a hinge joint! (e.g. hands)
- strucure = synovial
- function = diathroses

Question 11

Joint: Hinge

Answer 11

made up of two or more bones with articular surfaces that are covered by hyaline cartilage and lubricated by synovial fluid (flexion, extension)
- structure = synovial
-function = diathroses

Question 12

Joint: Saddle

Answer 12

thumb bones (e.g. snapping)
- structure = synovial
- function = diathroses

Question 13

Joint: Circumduction

Answer 13

circles (e.g. shoulder able to rotate as muscles are very intricate in this location)
- structure = synovial
- function = diathroses

Question 14

Movement: Extension & Flexion

Answer 14

extension = increase the angle between bones, flexion = decrease the angle between bones

Question 15

Movement: Circumduction

Answer 15

circular rotation (of the forearm)

Question 16

Movement: Supination & Pronation

Answer 16

supinate = turn part of body upwards (palm anterior), pronate = turn part of body downwards (palm posterior)

Question 17

Movement: Abduction & Adduction

Answer 17

adduct = towards the body, abduct = away from the body

Question 18

Movement: Protraction & Retraction

Answer 18

protract = protruding or sticking out, retract = sinking in (shoulder blades)

Question 19

Movement: Elevation & Depression

Answer 19

downward and upward movements of the scapula or manible (e.g. shoulder shrugging)

Question 20

Movement: Opposition & Reposition

Answer 20

opposition = grasping of the thumb and fingers, reposition = restoring to natural position

Question 21

Movement: Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion

Answer 21

dorsiflexion = foot points up, plantar flexion = foot naturally rests on the ground

Question 22

Movement: Excursion

Answer 22

protrusion = move anterior, retrusion = move posterior, excursion = move jaw side-to-side

Question 23

Movement: Hyperextend

Answer 23

extend beyond normal

Question 24

Movement: Rotation

Answer 24

turn on a swivel