U4 Interim #4 (Bone Physiology)

Question 1

Epiphysis

Answer 1

tip/bottom of long bones (SPONGY BONE)

Question 2

Diaphysis

Answer 2

shaft of long bones (COMPACT BONE on the outside, SPONGY BONE on the inside)

Question 3

Medullary Cavity

Answer 3

hollow inside of long bones, filled with yellow bone marrow

Question 4

Endosteum

Answer 4

INSIDE of long bones, lines the medullary cavity

Question 5

Periosteum

Answer 5

film on the outside of long bones, AROUND

Question 6

Red Marrow

Answer 6

produces blood (on the ends of long bones/epiphysis)

Question 7

Yellow Marrow

Answer 7

fat storage, on the insides of long bones

Question 8

Osteoblasts

Answer 8

young bone cells

Question 9

Osteocytes

Answer 9

mature bone cells

Question 10

Osteoclasts

Answer 10

breaks down bone tissue

Question 11

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 11

within membranes + process of making bones, going to create FLAT bones (e.g. skull, ribs)

Question 12

Endochondral ossification

Answer 12

inside cartilage + process of making bones, body knows when to perform this (cartilage = bone)

Question 13

Transverse fracture

Answer 13

around the bone/through the middle

Question 14

Linear fracture

Answer 14

down the middle

Question 15

Oblique NONdisplaced fracture

Answer 15

bone is cracked, but still together (not displaced)

Question 16

Oblique displaced fracture

Answer 16

bone is cracked, not together (is displaced)

Question 17

Spiral fracture

Answer 17

twisted bone, is likely in abuse cases

Question 18

Greenstick fracture

Answer 18

crack on the side of the bone, not fully broken

Question 19

Comminuted fracture

Answer 19

shattered/crushed bone

Question 20

Chondroblasts

Answer 20

young cartilage cells

Question 21

Fibroblasts

Answer 21

young fiber cells (produces collagen and other fibers)

Question 22

Bone healing/remodeling step-by-step

Answer 22

1. Bleeding creates a blood clot + swelling
2. Phagocytes (white blood cells) clean the area
3. Osteoclasts get rid of dead bone cells/chips
4. Fibrocartilagineous tissue formed by chondroblasts holds broken ends together = SOFT CALLUS
5. Osteoblasts form a HARD/BONY CALLUS
6. Osteoclasts absorb excessive bone tissue “trims it up”

Question 23

Procedure to fix fractured bones

Answer 23

open reduction and internal fixation of fractured bones

Question 24

FLAT bones

Answer 24

protection (e.g. sternum, ribs, skull bones)

Question 25

LONG bones

Answer 25

support weight and movement (e.g. femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna)

Question 26

SHORT bones

Answer 26

stability and movement (e.g. carpals, tarsals)

Question 27

IRREGULAR bones

Answer 27

protects organs (e.g. vertebrae, pelvis)

Question 28

SESAMOID bones

Answer 28

reinforce tendons (e.g. patella/kneecap)

Question 29

Epiphyseal disk

Answer 29

(growth plate) is a band of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis