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A&P - P.3 > U10 Interim - Blood > Flashcards

U10 Interim - Blood Flashcards

1
Q

RBCs vs WBCs

A
  • RBCs carry O2 and nutrients throughout the body; grabs onto iron and O2 for transport
  • WBCs maintain an immune function
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2
Q

Splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen; can become enlarged when working overtime (aka producing high amounts of RBCs & WBCs)

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3
Q

Leukemia

A

cancer of the blood; results in a rise in the number of WBCs in the body; typically begins in bone marrow

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4
Q

Sickle Cell Disease

A

an inherited gene disorder that affects the shape of RBCs; the crescent-like shape of sickle cells make it hard for the cell to move throughout the body, possibly blocking blood flow to the rest of the body

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5
Q

Beta Thalassemia

A

inherited blood disorder; body does not make beta globin as it should (beta and alpha globin are building blocks of hemoglobin)

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6
Q

Hemoglobin

A

part of RBC that gives blood its red color and enables RBCs to carry oxygenated blood throughout the body

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7
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

condition where platelet count is significantly low in the blood

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8
Q

Functions of the Spleen

A
  • filter the blood
  • remove old blood cells
  • recycle iron
  • make antibodies
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9
Q

Hypochromia

A

RBCs have less color than normal (can be attributed to reduced amount of hemoglobin in RBCs)

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10
Q

Cooley’s Anemia

A

inherited disorder that impacts the blood’s ability to carry O2 (hypochromia is typically present)

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11
Q

Blood…

A
  • is a connective tissue
  • 2 basic components: cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) = 45% & plasma (water, proteins) = 55%
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12
Q

Erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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13
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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14
Q

Thrombocytes

A

platelets

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15
Q

Anemia

A

body produces lower-than-normal amount of RBCs

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16
Q

Iron-Deficient Anemia

A

body does not have enough iron to produce hemoglobin

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17
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

formation of blood cells; occurs in the bone marrow

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18
Q

Erythropoietin

A

hormone released by the kidney that increases production of RBCs (thus O2 levels); athletes benefit from EPO as it maximizes O2 levels, allowing for endurance

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19
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

oxygenated RBCs/”bright red”

20
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

A

low in O2/”dark red”

21
Q

Hematocrit

A

percentage by volume of the RBCs in the blood versus plasma

22
Q

Acute

A

cancer that progresses quickly

23
Q

Lymphocytic

A

refers to effect on cells that turn into WBCs

24
Q

Leukocyte

A

WBC that fights off infection

25
Q

Types of WBCs (Leukocytes)

A
  • Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
  • Agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes)
26
Q

Neutrophil

A

active phagocytes, 60% of WBCs, present in pus

27
Q

Phagocytic

A

process of WBCs engulfing bacteria

28
Q

Eosinophil

A

attacks parasites, 2% of WBCs

29
Q

Basophil

A

produces heparin and histamines, 1% of WBCs

30
Q

Heparin

A

blood thinner

31
Q

Histamine

A

inflammatory reaction (swelling/itching)

32
Q

Antihistamine

A

reverses histamines effect

33
Q

Monocyte

A

large cell; can become macrophages or dendritic cells (dendritic cells consume pathogens and present antigens on their surface to signal the immune system)

34
Q

Lymphocyte

A

where antibodies are made (3rd line of defense/B and T cells); main defense of immune system; 30% of WBCs

35
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes)

A

help create blood clots, closes breaks in damaged blood vessels

36
Q

Plasma Proteins

A
  • albumins: regulates blood pressure
  • globulins: transports antibodies
  • fibrinogen: blood clotting
37
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

cancer that affects plasma cells/produces antibodies that may attack body’s own tissue

38
Q

Hemostasis

A
  • process of stopping bleeding via coagulation and clotting of the blood to seal the site of damage
39
Q

Key Events in Hemostasis

A
  1. Serotonin (vasoconstrictor) shrinks the vessel
  2. Platelet plugs the opening
  3. Fibrin forms over the platelet and reinforces (scab)
40
Q

Thrombin

A

enzyme in blood plasma that causes the clotting of blood by converting fibrinogen to fibrin

41
Q

Thrombus

A

blood clot

42
Q

Embolus

A

when blood clot moves to another place (e.g. pulmonary embolism)

43
Q

Hemophilia

A

able to enact the first 2 steps of hemostasis but cannot form enough fibrin; leads to excessive bleeding when wounds occur

44
Q

Polycythaemia/erythrocytosis

A

too many RBCs in the body; can lead to blood clotting

45
Q

Aggulation

A

occurs when an antigen is mixed with its corresponding antibody

46
Q

Vitamin K

A

benefits blood clotting

47
Q

HIV

A

hijacks healthy WBCs and kills them, destroying the immune system

A&P - P.3 (17 decks)

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