U4 Interim #1 (Axial Skeleton) Flashcards
Illiac crest
ridgelike projection (e.g. illiac crest of hip)
Facet
small, nearly flat articular surface, limits bones from moving too far/overloading
Foramen
opening or hole
Meatus
tube like pathway (e.g. ear canal/external acoustic meatus)
Sinus
air filled cavity within bone
Spine
thornlike projection aka spinous process (bumps)
Condyle
a rounded process of the bone, forming an articulation with another bone (bone-meets-bone)
Fossa
shallow basin, receives articulating bones
Line
slightly raised ridge
Tuberosity
knoblike raised elevation, attachment of muscles or ligaments
Fovea
tiny pit or depression, attachment site
Head
rounded enlargement at the end of a bone
Trochanter
large process, attachment site
Tubercle
small knoblike process, attachment site
How many bones? Different divisions?
206 bones; axial and appendicular
Axial skeleton
head, skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, sternum, hyoid bone
Bones of the skull/cranial bones
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Sphenoid bone (butterfly shaped, base of cranium behind the eye and below the front part of the brain)
- Ethmoid bone (center of skull between the eyes, holes present)
- Maxilla (upper jaw)
-Mandible (lower jaw) - Zygomatic bone (cheekbone)
- Vomer bone (forms nasal septum)
- Lacrimal bone (forms eye socket, anterior to the ethmoid bone)
Fontanels
soft spots on infant’s skull
Coronal suture
Between frontal and parietal bone
Lambdoidal suture
Between the parietal and occipital bone
Squamosal suture
Between temporal and parietal bone
Sagittal suture
Between parietal bones
Supraorbital foramen
Hole above the eye
Infraorbital foramen
Hole below the eye
Mental foramen
Hole on the chin
Foramen Magnum
Hole at the bottom of the skull (where spinal cord passes through)
Vertebral Column
24 vertebrae total
1). Cervical (C1-C7)
2). Thoracic (T1-T12)
3). Lumbar ( L1-L5)
4). Sacrum
5). Coccyx (tailbone)
Thoracic Cage
12 pairs of ribs total
- First 7 pairs are “true ribs”
- Next 3 pairs are “false ribs” (connects to coastal/ hyaline cartilage as opposed to sternum)
- Last 2 pairs are “floating” (not connected to sternum OR coastal cartilage)
Zygomatic arch
bridge of bone extending from the temporal bone at the side of the head around to the maxilla (upper jawbone) in front and including the zygomatic (cheek) bone as a major portion
Styloid process
bone protruding from the temporal bone, “pointy”
Mastoid process
bone protruding from the temporal bone behind the ear where neck muscles are attached (facilitates the movement of the tongue, pharynx, larynx, hyoid bone, and mandible); behind the styloid process, “concave”
Manubrium
upper broad segment of the sternum
Body
Longest part of the sternum
Xiphoid process
lower part of the sternum, can be damaged during CPR
Sternal angle
marks the point at which the costal cartilages of the second rib articulate with the sternum (right below the manubrium)
C-1
ATLAS
C-2
AXIS
Structure of vertebrae
- Body
-Spinous process/”bump” - Vertebral foramen (where spinal cord is)
- Transverse process (sides of vertebrae)
- Articular facets (superior/inferior parts of verebrae)
Nasal bone
right between the eyes, above the maxilla on the center of the skull
