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A&P - P.3 > U12 Assessment - Respiratory System > Flashcards

U12 Assessment - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions

A
  • exchange gases (oxygen and CO2)
  • produce vocal sounds
  • sense of smell
  • regulate blood pH
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2
Q

Respiration

A

process of gas exchange

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3
Q

External Respiration

A

air enters the lungs, gas is exchanged with blood cells (air –> blood)

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4
Q

Internal Respiration

A

blood travels to body parts and exchanges gas with those tissues (blood –> tissues)

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5
Q

Oxygen’s Significance

A

cellular respiration = cells use oxygen and sugars to create energy in the form of ATP (ATP powers cellular processes)

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6
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx

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7
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

A

larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

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8
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

hollow space behind the nose

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9
Q

Nasal Septum

A

divides the nose (bone)

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10
Q

Deviated Septum

A

when the septum bends to one side, results in the nose being crooked (repaired by breaking and resetting the bone)

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11
Q

Nasal Concha

A

bones that divide the nasal cavity, support the mucus membrane and increase surface area (superior, middle, inferior)

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12
Q

Mucus Membrane

A

warms and moistens air, traps particles (particles go to stomach)

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13
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

spaces within the bones; named after the bones: maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid; reduces the weight of the skull and are resonant chambers for voice

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14
Q

Pharynx

A

behind the oral cavity, between the nasal cavity and the larynx (space, not a structure); nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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15
Q

Larynx

A

enlargement at the top of the trachea, houses vocal cords (composed of muscles and cartilage)

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16
Q

Glottis

A

part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords (false vocal cords/vestibular folds = closes airway during swallowing VS. true vocal cords = produces sound)

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17
Q

Epiglottis

A

closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway

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18
Q

Laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx that makes the voice hoarse; caused by illness, allergies, smoking, and some medications (need to see otolaryngologist)

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19
Q

Trachea

A

“windpipe”; flexible cylinder with cartilage to give it stiffness and keep it from collapsing; leads to the bronchial tree

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20
Q

Order from Trachea to Bronchial Tree

A

trachea –> primary bronchi –> secondary bronchi –> tertiary bronchi –> bronchioles

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21
Q

Bronchioles contain…

A

air sacs called alveoli which are connected to the circulatory system via capillaries

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22
Q

Lungs

A

spongy tissue that sit within the pleural cavity; right lung has 3 lobes, left lung has 2 lobes

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23
Q

Cardiac Notch

A

space for heart on the left superior lobe of lung

24
Q

Serous Fluid

A

fluid that lubricates the lungs during breathing & b/tw the parietal and visceral pleura

25
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

connective tissue touching the walls of the thoracic cavity

26
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

connective tissue touching the lungs directly

27
Q

Inhalation/Exhalation + Diaphragm

A
  • during inhalation: diaphragm contracts and moves downwards/increases the space in your chest cavity into which the lungs expand/the intercostal muscles between the ribs also help in enlarging the chest cavity
  • during exhalation: diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards into the chest cavity
28
Q

What keeps alveoli from collapsing?

A

surface tension and surfactant

29
Q

Pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung; a hole in the pleural cavity can cause this

30
Q

Spirometry

A

measures the amount (volume) of air moving in and out of the lungs

31
Q

Respiratory Cycle

A

1 inspiration and 1 expiration

32
Q

Resting Tidal Volume

A

amount of air that enters the lungs during one cycle (e.g. normal breath)

33
Q

Vital Capacity

A

the amount of air that can be forced in or out by taking a deep breath

34
Q

Breathing is… / Muscles are…

A

breathing is involuntary; muscles are under voluntary control

35
Q

Respiratory Center

A

groups of neurons in the brain that control inspiration and expiration (medulla and pons)

36
Q

Medulla Rhythmicity Area

A

2 groups of neurons that extend the length of the medulla and are in charge of breathing

37
Q

Dorsal Respiratory Group

A

basic rhythm of breathing

38
Q

Ventral Respiratory Group

A

forceful breathing

39
Q

Pneumotaxic Area

A

located in the pons and inhibits respiration

40
Q

Factors that Impact Breathing

A
  1. Rise in CO2
  2. Low blood oxygen content
  3. Emotional upset, fear, and pain
41
Q

Hyperventilation

A

increased breathing, lower CO2 concentration

42
Q

Respiratory Membrane

A

gas exchange occurs across a layer of simple squamous cells – oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream

43
Q

Hypoxia

A

disease where there is a lack in overall oxygen content within the body’s tissues and vital organs

44
Q

Asphyxia

A

deficient supply of oxygen that arises from being unable to breathe normal (e.g. choking)

45
Q

Dypsnea

A

shallow breathing, feeling like you cannot breath

46
Q

Hypernea

A

breathing deeply, usually after exercise

47
Q

Apnea

A

breathing that stops

48
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

mucus clogs the lungs, making it difficult to breathe and causing infections

49
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

inflammation and excess mucus in the bronchia and alveoli

50
Q

Bronchitis

A

inflammation of the main air passages to the lungs

51
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

pause or slowing of breathing during sleep

52
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

blood clot that moves to the lungs

53
Q

Lung Cancer

A

abnormal cells grow out of control in the lungs

54
Q

Asthma

A

inflammation of the bronchial tubes with increased production of sticky secretions (bronchodilators open airways/inhaler)

55
Q

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

A

serious coughing and gasping for breath

A&P - P.3 (17 decks)

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