Typology

Question 1

What is mutual intelligibility

Answer 1

When speakers on average can understand each other

Question 2

Canadian english and dutch dont understand each other meaning that its

Answer 2

Unintelligible

Question 3

Canadian english and british english are

Answer 3

Mutual intelligibility.

Question 4

What is a factor between varieties of language

Answer 4

politics

Question 5

True or false, mutually intelligible varieties can be labelled as different languages

Answer 5

True. Swedish and norwegian can understand each other but not the same language.

Question 6

What are called mutual unintelligible languages in the same country

Answer 6

Dialects. Catalan, spanish

Question 7

True or false. Mutually intelligible can use different orthographic systems

Answer 7

True.

Question 8

True or false. Mutually unintelligible varieties can use the same orthographic system

Answer 8

True. Cantonese vs Mandarin

Question 9

What do we call the gradual transition between two non-mutually intelligible varieties.

Answer 9

Dialect continuum

Question 10

What is conundrum

Answer 10

some speakers in the continuum dont understand each other. Most nearby languages understand each other

Question 11

Are speakers evenly distributed between languages

Answer 11

No.

Question 12

Most languages are spoken by more than 100,000 speakers.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What happens when the last native speaker of a language dies

Answer 13

Language death

Question 14

How often does language death happens

Answer 14

Every 3 month

Question 15

Is Latin a language death

Answer 15

No language change

Question 16

Latin, Sanskrit, ancient Egyptian, survived as what language

Answer 16

Romance languages
Indic languages
Coptic

Question 17

How many languages are there

Answer 17

7000

Question 18

most language are spoken by less than 100 000 speakers

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Around half language in the world are spoken by less than 10 000 speakers

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Something that is true for all languages is called

Answer 20

Absolute universal

Question 21

Something that is usually, but not always true

Answer 21

Universal tendency

Question 22

When something has to be true if something else is true

Answer 22

Implicational universal. If theres marked structure, it implies there are unmarked structured

Question 23

What is unmarked

Answer 23

Elements that are basic, easy to learn, cross-linguistically expected

Question 24

What is marked

Answer 24

Structures/elements that are complex, difficult to learn, cross-linguistically rare

Question 25

What are some absolute universals

Answer 25

All lang. exhibit linguistic creativity, have stops, have vowels, have stress, have morphology

Question 26

What are some universal tendencies

Answer 26

Syllable obeys sonority principle. rising towards nucleus and falling away from nucleus.

Most common stop phonemes are (p,t,k)

Most languages have labial,nasals, fricatives consonants

Question 27

What is an exception to sonority principle

Answer 27

Russian

Question 28

What is an exception to the common stop phonemes

Answer 28

hawaiian lacks t

Question 29

What is an exception of most language have labial consonants

Answer 29

Mohawk

Question 30

What are some implicational universals

Answer 30

Presence of front rounded vowels = presence of front unrounded vowels

Presence of nasals phonemes = presence of oral phonemes

Presence of inflectional affixes = derivational affixes

Question 31

Is inflectional but no derivational attested or unattested

Answer 31

Unattested

Question 32

The statement ‘most languages have nasal consonants’ is an example of

Answer 32

universal tendency