Syllables Flashcards
What is a syllable
A psychological unit. Grouping consonants and vowels. Its perceptible and cognitive.
Explain syllable structure
Draw the tree
What is onset maximization
Onset must be as large as possible
What is phonotactics. is it language dependent?
restriction on syllable shape. It is language dependent
What is permitted and required (onsets, codas)
Onsets are always permitted, sometimes required.
Codas are sometimes permitted, never required
What is sonority
Degree of resonance
What is the pattern with sonority
Rising before nucleus, peak at nucleus, falling after nucleus
What is the sonority scale
obstruent, nasals, liquids, glides, vowels.
Normally sonority rise and fall of at least 2 levels. What is the exception
s
How do choose nucleus
The more sonorous segment
Can any sonorous segment be a nucleus
Yes, except glides. glides are vowels in non-nuclear postition
What does the dash under consonant represent
Consonant is syllabic.
Is sonorant nuclei permittable?
Yes for some languages (english)
Is obstruent nuclei permittable?
Yes for a few languages. (Berber)
What are stressed syllables. How do we represent it in IPA
More prominent than other. With an apostrophe
What are the characteristics of stress
Loudness, pitch, duration
Is stress predictable?
Yes in many languages.
Where is the stress in french
Last syllable - ultimate
What is penultimate stress. example of language
Second to last syllable. Polish
When the first syllable is stressed its … (example of a language)
initial. Slovak
Is english and russian stress predictable or unpredictable
Unpredictable
What happens when stress is unpredictable?
Must be remembered. Its underlying, lexical.
What consonants can be aspirated
p,t,k
What are the rules for aspiration
p,t,k are aspirated if they are at the beginning of word or if they are a the beginning of a stress syllable.
What is an antepenultimate syllable
stress falls on the third to last syllable.
Is a syllable acoustic
No
What is always present in a syllable structure
A nucleus and the rhyme
What are the minimal pairs in the lexical stress
noun-verbs
What do we say when stress is predictable
It occurs on particular position in word.
