Historical ling Flashcards

1
Q

How many division are there in the history of English

A

5

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2
Q

Which divisons are reconstruced (have no records)

A

Proto-germanic (500-0) , proto-west-germanic

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3
Q

What is language family

A

group of related languages derived from same ancestor

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4
Q

What is proto-language

A

ancestor of a language family

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5
Q

Language family happens when…

A

ling community splits in two, and the 2 evolve seperately

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6
Q

Is mutual intelligibility lost?

A

Yes eventually

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7
Q

What is the ancestor. When and where?

A

Proto-Indo-european (PIE). 5000-7000 years ago in Ukraine/Turkey

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8
Q

What are the Indo-european subfamilies? * look slides

A

Germanic, romance, balto-slavic, greek, albanian.

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9
Q

What is sound change?

A

Phonological change that was once active in the language - left its mark on the language

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10
Q

Was sound change regular and systematic? Why

A

Yes. Its not usual that change happens word by word

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11
Q

What happens when one language undergo change and one do not

A

Reduce intelligibility.

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12
Q

What is comparative reconstruction

A

When comparing related languages reveal properties of ancestral language

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13
Q

Can we undo a change to go further back in time

A

Yes

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14
Q

At the end of reconstruction process, what should happen

A

related languages should converge on a single form

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15
Q

Comparative reconstruction is a methode efficte at what range (years)

A

10 000 years

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16
Q

What are the 5 categories of history of english

A

proto-germanic
proto-west-germanic
old english
middle english
modern english

17
Q

Can languages families be contained in languages families

A

Yes

18
Q

English is a part of what indo-european subfamily

A

germanic

19
Q

true or false. languistics changes are consistent within a language

A

true

20
Q

The method of comparative reconstruction works at ranges of

A

10,000 years

21
Q

when does modern english start

A

1500-2000