Learning sounds 23 Flashcards
True or false, some aspects of language appear to be universal
true
What are the key components in L2 acquisition missing in L1
memorization, imitation, correction
does correcting help children in talking
no
true or false. different languages exhibit different properties
true
At birth children recognize human voices to other sounds
true
Babies show a preference for the voice of their parents over other people. T Or F
True
Do babies perceive difference between pʰ and p
Yes they perceive acoustic contrasts
at what age will children’s perception become attuned to phonological contrasts
8 months
when is the babbling stage
6 to 12 months
Why do children babble
to develop control of their articulators.
is babbling language dependent
no. similar cross-linguisticly
babies prefer marked structures over unmarked structures. T OR F
false. Babies devoid of marked structures.
What is the prefered stuctures for babies
cvcv - KAKA
They also prefer common phonemes.
what are articulated first, vowels or consonants
vowels.
what are the first consonants acquired
stops
(p,t,k,?,b,d,g)
what is the order of consonants position
labials, alveolar, velar, alveopalatal
which is acquired first, onset or coda
onset
look at typical consonants of a 2y old
true or false, if a child cant produce a sound, it cant understand the difference
production ability lag behind perception ability. Fish,fis
what does immature productions of particular words reflect
it reflect its inability to produce certain sounds/phonological structures.
similar to phonological processes observed in adult grammar
things that are difficult for adults to produce are also hard for children. so there’s patterns.
we view production of infants as still ungrammatical when referring to
adult grammar. its also ungrammatical from the kids perspective too (fish, fis)
what are the early phonetic processes
syllable deletion
syllable simplification
substitution
Assimilation
what is syllable deletion
delete the unstressed syllable. kanga’roo. kanga is unstressed, roo is stressed so it’s roo.
what is syllable simplification
also known as consonant cluster simplification. CV is best syllable shape. complex coda/onset are avoided. MORE SONORANT ELEMENT IS DELETED.
Try = ty (complex onset)
Sleep =sip (more sonorous removed)
Boot = bu (coda disprefered)
what is substitution
processes affecting
properties of segments (or ‘features’) rather than individual segments
stopping: obstruents -> stops
sea -> ti
fronting: consonant -? alveolar
go-> dow
gliding: liquid ->glide
story-> stowy
denasalisation: consonant -> oral
room->rub
what is fronting
consonant -> alveolar (t,d,n,l,r,s,z)
dow for go
what is gliding
liquid (r,l) -> glide (w,j)
stowi - story
what is denasalization
n,m consonant -> oral
rub for room
what is Assimilation
cross-linguistically common in children speech
when you one thing becomes similar to the thing next to it.
long distance place assimilation: felf for self
in assimilation what is more common voiced obstruent or voiceless
voiced because of the assimilation in voicing to the following vowel. zoup for soup
