reconstruction 15

Question 1

sound change eventually become fixed and become permanent feature of language phonological system

Answer 1

true

Question 2

What is assimilation

Answer 2

nearby segment become similar

Question 3

lenition

Answer 3

weakening of consonants next to sonorant

Question 4

palatalization

Answer 4

consonant mutation under influence of i

Question 5

deletion

Answer 5

removal of segment

Question 6

epenthesis

Answer 6

insertion of segment

Question 7

Rhotacism is spart of

Answer 7

lenition

Question 8

what is rhotacism

Answer 8

s becomes r between vowels (genesis = generis)

Question 9

Sound change type: Dissimilation

Answer 9

When nearby segment become less similar

Question 10

what is more common assimilation or dissimilation

Answer 10

assimilation

Question 11

Why is dissimilation used

Answer 11

Making things easier for the listener. when you need perceptual contrast. Its easier to tell nearby dissimilar segments apart

Question 12

What is metathesis

Answer 12

segment changing places to avoid undesirable combinations of segments.

Question 13

example of metathesis

Answer 13

old english; thrid - third (avoid liquid in coda)

Question 14

when did the Great english vowel shift occur

Answer 14

between middle and modern english

Question 15

What is chain shift

Answer 15

series of changes where the input of one change is the output for another. (one change leaves a gap, it is then filled by other)

Question 16

How are long vowels affected

Answer 16

high vowels = diphthongs
mid vowels = high
low vowel = mid front

e -> i
ae -> e to fill the void

Question 17

What is Grimm’s law (named after Jacob Grimm)

Answer 17

series of chifts where

voiceless stops = fricatives (p,f - t,th - k,x

voiced stops = voiceless stops (b-p, d-t, g-k)

voiced aspirated -voiced stops = bh-b, dh-d, gh-g.

Question 18

when did it occur. grimms?

Answer 18

after split of PIE. ancestor of all germanic languagaes.

Question 19

what does it mean if two related languages show evidence of same sound change

Answer 19

the change occured in their ancestor

Question 20

true or false, language that have the same sound change are more closely related to those that do not

Answer 20

true

Question 21

languages that don’t show same changes are not necessarily closely related

Answer 21

false. direction of change is important.

Question 22

Cognates:

Answer 22

words derived from the same source