reconstruction 15 Flashcards
sound change eventually become fixed and become permanent feature of language phonological system
true
What is assimilation
nearby segment become similar
lenition
weakening of consonants next to sonorant
palatalization
consonant mutation under influence of i
deletion
removal of segment
epenthesis
insertion of segment
Rhotacism is spart of
lenition
what is rhotacism
s becomes r between vowels (genesis = generis)
Sound change type: Dissimilation
When nearby segment become less similar
what is more common assimilation or dissimilation
assimilation
Why is dissimilation used
Making things easier for the listener. when you need perceptual contrast. Its easier to tell nearby dissimilar segments apart
What is metathesis
segment changing places to avoid undesirable combinations of segments.
example of metathesis
old english; thrid - third (avoid liquid in coda)
when did the Great english vowel shift occur
between middle and modern english
What is chain shift
series of changes where the input of one change is the output for another. (one change leaves a gap, it is then filled by other)
How are long vowels affected
high vowels = diphthongs
mid vowels = high
low vowel = mid front
e -> i
ae -> e to fill the void
What is Grimm’s law (named after Jacob Grimm)
series of chifts where
voiceless stops = fricatives (p,f - t,th - k,x
voiced stops = voiceless stops (b-p, d-t, g-k)
voiced aspirated -voiced stops = bh-b, dh-d, gh-g.
when did it occur. grimms?
after split of PIE. ancestor of all germanic languagaes.
what does it mean if two related languages show evidence of same sound change
the change occured in their ancestor
true or false, language that have the same sound change are more closely related to those that do not
true
languages that don’t show same changes are not necessarily closely related
false. direction of change is important.
Cognates:
words derived from the same source
