semantic relations 20 Flashcards
What is truth conditions
state of the world under which a sentence is true
understanding meaning of a sentence = knowing its truth conditions.
understanding the truth condition is understanding the meaning
sentence doesn’t have to be true. no requirement for its truth conditions to be compatible with real world
true or false. truth conditions of one sentence may have logical relation to truth conditions of another
true
logical Entailment
p entail q. if p is true, q is true.
q follows from p
q does not indtroduce info note contained in p
what is the contradiction test
coordinate p and the negation of q and if the result is a contradiction, there is entailment
What is logical equivalence
p is equivalent to q if p entails q and q entails p.
p and q mean the same thing
impossible to construct a scenario where p would be logically different from q
what is logical contradiction
when p is true and q is false
when q is true and p is false
what is logical contrariety
both p and q cannot be true but both can be false. look out for scalar adjectives
What is subordination. give example
A is subset of B. male human is subordinate to human.
what is equivalence. give example.
A and b are the same set. cloud is a conololymbus
What is complementary. example
(A and B are non-overlapping and exhaustive subsets. (together exhaust the set of relevant possibilities.) dead and alive. at least one of the other
What is incompatibility
A and B are non-overlapping but not necessarily subset. but do not exhaust the set of relevant possibilities. Monday and tuesday. dog, cat
Logical relations between sentences. name them.
Logical relations between words. name them
entailment, equivalence, contradiction, contrariety.
Subordination, equivalence, complementary, incompatibility
