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Linguistics > Inflection > Flashcards

Inflection Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflection

A

It alters a word. It does not change syntactic category

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2
Q

Which one is most productive between inflection and derivation

A

Inflection

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3
Q

In which way is inflection productive

A

It attaches to almost all words of relevant syntactic category. It fills in a paradigm.

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4
Q

What is derivation

A

Creation of a new word

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5
Q

Does derivation change the syntactic category

A

Yes

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6
Q

Why is derivation somewhat productive

A

Because it only attaches to some words of the relevant syntactic category.

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7
Q

What is the meaning and syntactic category of s

A

Noun, plural

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8
Q

What is the meaning and syntactic category of ‘s

A

Noun, possession

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9
Q

What is the meaning and syntactic category of s

A

V, 3rd sing

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10
Q

What is the meaning and syntactic category of ed

A

V, past

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11
Q

What is the meaning and syntactic category of en-ed

A

V, perfect

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12
Q

What is the meaning and syntactic category of ing

A

V, progressive

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13
Q

What is the meaning and syntactic category of er

A

Adj, comparative

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14
Q

What is the meaning and syntactic category of est

A

Adj, superlative

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15
Q

Can inflection change a the syntactic category?

A

No

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16
Q

acid to acidic- is that inflection or derivation

A

derivation

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17
Q

What is Semantic transparency

A

How predictable a whole is from its parts.

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18
Q

T or F; all morphology is compositional

A

T

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19
Q

What happens when there is no transparency

A

The word is not compositional

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20
Q

What do we call when morphology is completely transparent

A

Inflectional

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21
Q

What do we call when the morphology is opaque

A

Derivational

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22
Q

Note

A

All morphology is at least a little transparent

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23
Q

What attaches first, inflection affixes or derivational affixes?

A

derivational affixes always closer to root.

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24
Q

Can a word have more than one inflectional affix

A

No

25
Q

Inflectional are always placed where

A

Always attaches last, suffix. highest one in the tree

26
Q

prefix is where?

A

before

27
Q

Where are infixes

A

Inside a base

28
Q

Is [re] in non-re-fund-able an infix?

A

No its not inside the base

29
Q

What is at least one English infix

A

Expletive

30
Q

What does an expletive mean

A

emotional curse word or rude phrase.

31
Q

Are the expletive infixes phonologically conditioned ?

A

Yes. They are inserted before stressed syllables.

32
Q

If a word has an initial stress how the infix act?

A

like a prefix

33
Q

Prefix and afix are concatenative or non-concatenative?

A

Concatenative, attaching affix to base. Represented by morphological tree.

34
Q

What is non-concatenative morphology?

A

Altering the base (also known as internal change). Infixation - can’t be represented in morphological trees.

35
Q

What is Ablaut. give example

A

vowel alteration that marks a morphological contrast. Run - ran.

36
Q

Are ablaut concatenative or non-concatenative.

A

Non-concatenative

37
Q

does ablaut consist in adding morphemes?

A

No. Alternating vowels are not morphemes (goose - geese) goose is one morpheme on its own, oo doesnt mean singular

38
Q

Is Ablaut common in other languages

A

Yes -latin, icelandic

39
Q

What are Bound roots

A

roots that only survive in complex words, dont stand on their own.

40
Q

Which class of english affixes is fully productive

A

Class 2

40
Q

Examples of bound roots

A

Un[kempt] , cranberry

40
Q

Roots that were borrowed in complex words

A

ceive - receive, deceive, conceive (from latin ‘take’)
mit - permit, submit, commit
(from latin ‘send’)

40
Q

Class 1 of affixes are borrowed from where

A

Latin, Greek, French

41
Q

Class 2 are inherited from where

A

germanic - native

41
Q

What does class 1 do

A

It changes the sound of segment of the base; part - partial, revise- revision, product - productive

42
Q

Class 2 are phonologically neutral meaning that

A

they don’t do anything to the phonology of the base

43
Q

Class one or two go on much wider range of words and new words

A

Class 2

44
Q

What is the order of classes

A

Class one closer to the root rather than class 2. Classe 2 cannot be between root and class 1.

45
Q

Can we put two class 2 affix de suite?

A

Yes; fear-less-ness

46
Q

Can we put two class 1 affixes de suite?

A

Yes - relational

47
Q

Can we put class 2 followed by class 1

A

No

48
Q

Can we put class 1 followed by class 2

A

Yes

49
Q

Are class 1 and class 2 inflectional or derivational

A

derivational

50
Q

what are the class 1 affixes

A

-ity -y -ize -ion - ive -(i)al

51
Q

English prefer preffixes or suffixes

A

suffixes

52
Q

What are the class 2 affix

A

-ful, -ness, -less, -ly, -er, -ish

53
Q

What is the order of inflectional and derivational affixes. What’s closer to the base

A

Derivational affixes closer to root than inflectional affixes.

54
Q
A

Linguistics (16 decks)

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