Inflection Flashcards
What is inflection
It alters a word. It does not change syntactic category
Which one is most productive between inflection and derivation
Inflection
In which way is inflection productive
It attaches to almost all words of relevant syntactic category. It fills in a paradigm.
What is derivation
Creation of a new word
Does derivation change the syntactic category
Yes
Why is derivation somewhat productive
Because it only attaches to some words of the relevant syntactic category.
What is the meaning and syntactic category of s
Noun, plural
What is the meaning and syntactic category of ‘s
Noun, possession
What is the meaning and syntactic category of s
V, 3rd sing
What is the meaning and syntactic category of ed
V, past
What is the meaning and syntactic category of en-ed
V, perfect
What is the meaning and syntactic category of ing
V, progressive
What is the meaning and syntactic category of er
Adj, comparative
What is the meaning and syntactic category of est
Adj, superlative
Can inflection change a the syntactic category?
No
acid to acidic- is that inflection or derivation
derivation
What is Semantic transparency
How predictable a whole is from its parts.
T or F; all morphology is compositional
T
What happens when there is no transparency
The word is not compositional
What do we call when morphology is completely transparent
Inflectional
What do we call when the morphology is opaque
Derivational
Note
All morphology is at least a little transparent
What attaches first, inflection affixes or derivational affixes?
derivational affixes always closer to root.
Can a word have more than one inflectional affix
No
Inflectional are always placed where
Always attaches last, suffix. highest one in the tree
prefix is where?
before
Where are infixes
Inside a base
Is [re] in non-re-fund-able an infix?
No its not inside the base
What is at least one English infix
Expletive
What does an expletive mean
emotional curse word or rude phrase.
Are the expletive infixes phonologically conditioned ?
Yes. They are inserted before stressed syllables.
If a word has an initial stress how the infix act?
like a prefix
Prefix and afix are concatenative or non-concatenative?
Concatenative, attaching affix to base. Represented by morphological tree.
What is non-concatenative morphology?
Altering the base (also known as internal change). Infixation - can’t be represented in morphological trees.
What is Ablaut. give example
vowel alteration that marks a morphological contrast. Run - ran.
Are ablaut concatenative or non-concatenative.
Non-concatenative
does ablaut consist in adding morphemes?
No. Alternating vowels are not morphemes (goose - geese) goose is one morpheme on its own, oo doesnt mean singular
Is Ablaut common in other languages
Yes -latin, icelandic
What are Bound roots
roots that only survive in complex words, dont stand on their own.
Which class of english affixes is fully productive
Class 2
Examples of bound roots
Un[kempt] , cranberry
Roots that were borrowed in complex words
ceive - receive, deceive, conceive (from latin ‘take’)
mit - permit, submit, commit
(from latin ‘send’)
Class 1 of affixes are borrowed from where
Latin, Greek, French
Class 2 are inherited from where
germanic - native
What does class 1 do
It changes the sound of segment of the base; part - partial, revise- revision, product - productive
Class 2 are phonologically neutral meaning that
they don’t do anything to the phonology of the base
Class one or two go on much wider range of words and new words
Class 2
What is the order of classes
Class one closer to the root rather than class 2. Classe 2 cannot be between root and class 1.
Can we put two class 2 affix de suite?
Yes; fear-less-ness
Can we put two class 1 affixes de suite?
Yes - relational
Can we put class 2 followed by class 1
No
Can we put class 1 followed by class 2
Yes
Are class 1 and class 2 inflectional or derivational
derivational
what are the class 1 affixes
-ity -y -ize -ion - ive -(i)al
English prefer preffixes or suffixes
suffixes
What are the class 2 affix
-ful, -ness, -less, -ly, -er, -ish
What is the order of inflectional and derivational affixes. What’s closer to the base
Derivational affixes closer to root than inflectional affixes.
